Strategic Aspects of Reaction Time in World-Class Sprinters
Strategic Aspects of Reaction Time in World-Class Sprinters
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世界级短跑运动员反应时间的战略方面
DOI：
10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.65
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
C. Collet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Collet
简单反应时间（RT）定义为刺激开始后的持续时间和由此产生的第一个可观察到的反应。对于短跑运动员来说，起跑的RT应该特别重要，因为这可能决定比赛的结果。本研究的目的是调查短跑运动员（从100到400米）是否试图在错误的开始限制（100毫秒）内预测发令员的投篮。射击后）。研究对象为参加过世界锦标赛或奥运会短跑项目决赛的男子短跑运动员。分析表明，RT到开始射击发挥了作用，在整个事件（需要总共四个冲刺）的八个决赛选手的策略。RT的策略方面的四个特征被发现：（i）从短短跑到长短跑（从室内60米到100米，200米和400米）的平均RT增加;（ii）RT值作为比赛长度的函数增加，即，在4 × 100米接力赛中，第一名短跑运动员的RT与400米短跑运动员的RT没有区别;相反，在4 × 400米接力赛中，第一名短跑运动员的RT，即，一个1600米的比赛，是显着不同的RT在400米的比赛;（iii）RT减少，从预赛到决赛的八个决赛选手;（iv）减少RT是没有观察到经验不足的短跑运动员通过资格赛（初级18或19岁。老短跑运动员，参加他们自己的世界锦标赛）。RT必须被认为是一种依赖于经验和学习的技能，并与比赛长度相关。比赛时间越短，RT对最终成绩（时间和地点）越重要，因此短跑运动员试图在较短的短跑（60米和100米）中减少RT。在较长的短跑比赛（4 × 400米接力）中，他们满足于对投篮做出反应。中距离比赛引起中间值的RT。这种行为可以解释的重要性RT的影响短跑成绩的因素，并参考分配的浓度资源和支出。
Simple reaction time (RT) is defined as the time duration following the initiation of a stimulus and the resultant first observable response. For sprinters, RT to a start should be especially important, as this may determine the outcome of the race. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sprinters (from 100 to 400 m) try to anticipate the starter's shot within the false start limit (100 msec. after the shot). Subjects were male sprinters who have reached the final of a sprint event in World Championships or Olympic Games. Analysis indicated that RT to the starting shot plays a role in the eight finalists' strategy throughout an event (requiring a total of four sprints). Four characteristics of the strategic aspects of RT were found: (i) Increased mean RT from short dashes to longer sprints (from 60 m indoor, to 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m); (ii) RT values increase as a function of race length, i.e., the RT of the first sprinter in a 4 × 100-m relay is no different from that of a 400-m sprinter; conversely, RT of the first relay sprinter in a 4 × 400-m, i.e., a 1600-m race, is significantly different from RT in a 400-m race; (iii) RT decreases from the heats to the final for the eight finalists; (iv) Decreased RT is not observable in less experienced sprinters through the qualifying rounds (junior 18- or 19-yr.-old sprinters, taking part in their own World Championships). RT must be considered a skill dependent upon experience and learning and is associated with race length. The shorter the race, the more important the RT is for the final performance (both time and place), so sprinters try to decrease RT in the shorter dashes (60 m and 100 m). In the longer sprint races (4 × 400-m relay) they are content to respond to the shot. Intermediate distance races elicit intermediate values of RT. Such behavior could be explained by the importance of RT throughout the factors which influence sprint performance and by reference to allocation of concentration resources and expenditure.