Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers reduces ammonia volatilization and increases nitrogen utilization efficiency in no-tillage paddy fields in central China
Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers reduces ammonia volatilization and increases nitrogen utilization efficiency in no-tillage paddy fields in central China
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中部地区免耕稻田深施氮肥减少氨挥发，提高氮肥利用率
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.011
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Cao, C. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, T. Q.;Fan, D. J.;Cao, C. G.
氮肥深施通过影响氮素转化，影响肥料氮的去向。关于免耕稻田深施氮肥条件下氨挥发和氮素利用效率的研究较少。为此，通过田间试验，研究了不同施氮方式[不施肥、传统撒氮(S)、5 cm、10 cm、20 cm深点施作基肥+追施(5d、10d、20d)]对中国中部稻区稻田NH3挥发、氮素利用率、氮素偏生产力、氮素农艺效率及产量的影响。与施氮相比，氮肥深施显著降低了洪水的平均pH值2-4%，降低了洪水NH4+-N浓度29-98%。与S处理相比，氮肥深施处理在2012年显著降低了氨挥发量20-45%，在2013年显著降低了15-40%。平均而言，与S处理相比，两季氮肥深施处理显著提高了氮肥利用率26-93%，净效益10-16%，净效益31-51%，籽粒产量5-11%。此外，10d处理的氮素利用率和籽粒产量最高，表明该措施能有效地提高农业经济活力，减少NH3挥发。然而，由于人工深施对人工的要求很高，未来有必要发展机械施肥技术来克服这一困难。(C)2015爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen through influencing nitrogen transformation. Few studies have examined ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrogen-utilization efficiency under deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers in no-tillage (NT) paddy fields. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the different application methods of nitrogen fertilizers [no fertilizer, traditional nitrogen broadcasting (S), and point deep placed at 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depths as basal fertilizer + nitrogen broadcasting as topdressing (e.g., 5D, 10D and 20D)] on NH3 volatilization, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), and grain yield in NT paddy fields during the 2012-2013 rice growing seasons in central China. Nitrogen deep placement significantly decreased mean floodwater pH by 2-4% and mean floodwater NH4+-N concentration by 29-98% compared with nitrogen broadcasting. Nitrogen deep placement treatments significantly decreased cumulative NH3 volatilization by 20-45% in 2012 and by 15-40% in 2013 compared with S treatment. On average, nitrogen deep placement treatments significantly increased NRE by 26-93%, NPFP by 10-16%, NAE by 31-51%, and grain yield by 5-11% in both seasons compared with S treatment. In addition, 10D treatment showed the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain yield, implying that this measure can be effective in increasing agricultural economic viability and decreasing NH3 volatilization. However, given high labor requirement for manual deep placement, developing mechanical fertilization technology is necessary to overcome this difficulty in future. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.