Examining Dynamic Links Between Perceived Control and Health: Longitudinal Evidence for Differential Effects in Midlife and Old Age
Examining Dynamic Links Between Perceived Control and Health: Longitudinal Evidence for Differential Effects in Midlife and Old Age
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021022
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zarit, Steven H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Infurna, Frank J.;Gerstorf, Denis;Zarit, Steven H.
在成年期和老年期，感知控制和健康往往密切相关。然而，人们对它们在成年生活各个阶段按时间顺序相互作用的情况知之甚少。通过将动态模型应用于美国改变生活研究 15.5 年来的四波数据，我们研究了中年和老年的感知控制与健康之间的时间顺序关系。结果显示，随着时间的推移，感知控制水平可以预测晚年（65 岁以上；n = 1,238）的健康状况的后续变化，但不能预测中年（25-64 岁；n = 2,364）的健康变化。没有发现证据表明健康对两个年龄组的感知控制变化有预测作用。这些年龄差异的发现通过嵌套模型比较得到了证实。在社会人口学和心理社会因素（体力活动、记忆、情绪支持和抑郁症状）的共变模型中，感知健康控制的预测效果被削弱至零，这表明这些变量在控制与健康关系中发挥着重要作用。我们的讨论重点是感知控制对老年健康生活的重要性以及感知控制对中年和老年健康的不同影响。
Perceived control and health are often closely linked in adulthood and old age. Little is known, however, about their time-ordered interplay at various phases of adult life. By applying dynamic models to four waves of data over 15.5 years from the Americans' Changing Lives Study, we examined time-ordered relations between perceived control and health in midlife and old age. Results revealed that levels of perceived control predict subsequent changes in health over time in old age (65+ years of age; n = 1,238) but not in midlife (25-64 years of age; n = 2,364). No evidence was found for predictive effects of health for changes in perceived control in either age group. These age-differential findings were corroborated with nested-model comparisons. Predictive effects of perceived control for health were attenuated to the null in models covarying for sociodemographic and psychosocial factors (physical activity, memory, emotional support, and depressive symptoms), suggesting that these variables play an important role in control-health relations. Our discussion focuses on the importance of perceived control for healthy living in old age and the differential implications of perceived control for health in midlife and old age.