Mechanisms of Maturation and Germination in Crop Seeds Exposed to Environmental Stresses with a Focus on Nutrients, Water Status, and Reactive Oxygen Species
Mechanisms of Maturation and Germination in Crop Seeds Exposed to Environmental Stresses with a Focus on Nutrients, Water Status, and Reactive Oxygen Species
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_13
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Iwaya-Inoue, Mari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ishibashi, Yushi;Yuasa, Takashi;Iwaya-Inoue, Mari
环境胁迫会大大降低作物的产量和品质。植物在其生命周期的各个阶段保护细胞代谢以应对非生物胁迫，包括种子生产。由于结实结实的种子对产量和作物生长都很重要，我们分析了干旱和极端温度等环境胁迫下主要作物产量损失和籽粒品质下降的原因，重点研究了种子灌浆过程中养分和水分状况的再动员。由于水分是限制种子发育的因素之一，因此种子必须具有在成熟过程中能够抵御水分流失的机制。此外，分析活性氧（reactive oxygen species， ROS）在转录调控和信号传导中的作用有助于阐明种子休眠和萌发的调控。本文从营养物质的再动员、水分的流动、植物激素（赤霉素、脱落酸和乙烯）和活性氧等方面对水稻、小麦、大麦、大豆和豇豆等植物在环境胁迫下控制种子成熟和萌发的机制进行了综述。
Environmental stresses can reduce crop yield and quality considerably. Plants protect cell metabolism in response to abiotic stresses at all stages of their life cycle, including seed production. As the production of vigorous seeds is important to both yield and crop growth, we analyzed causes of yield loss and reduced grain quality in staple crops exposed to environmental stresses such as drought and temperature extremes, with a focus on the remobilization of nutrients and water status during seed filling. Because water is one of the factors that limit seed development, seeds must have mechanisms that allow them to withstand water loss during seed maturation. In addition, analysis of the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on transcription regulation and signaling should help to elucidate the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. In this review, we focus on nutrient remobilization, water mobility, plant hormones (gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene), and ROS in sink and source organs and describe how rice, wheat, barley, soybean, and cowpea plants control seed maturation and germination under environmental stresses.