Primary Particulate Matter from Ocean-Going Engines in the Southern California Air Basin
Primary Particulate Matter from Ocean-Going Engines in the Southern California Air Basin
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es8035016
复制
发表时间：
2009-07-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Cocker, David R., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrawal, Harshit;Eden, Rudy;Cocker, David R., III
主要细颗粒物（PM2.5）的影响，从船舶排放在南加州空气盆地内进行量化比较，在堆栈中的钒（V）和镍（Ni）测量在使用远洋船舶（OGVs）与环境测量在整个南加州的10个监测站。V和Ni被证明是OGV中重质燃料油燃烧的稳健标记，并且在南加州内的细颗粒V和Ni的环境测量显示出随着与洛杉矶和长滩（港口）的距离增加而相反地减少。高水平的V和Ni观察到从在两个不同的使用OGV的推进发动机进行的烟囱排放测量。由测试燃料中的V和Ni含量归一化的堆内V和Ni排放速率（g/h）与堆总PM排放速率（g/h）相关。归一化的排放率被用来估计在南加州内的10个监测点的主要PM2.5贡献OGVs。主要PM2.5贡献OGVs的范围从8.8%的总PM2.5在监测位置最接近港口（西长滩）的1.4%的总PM2.5在监测位置80公里的内陆（Rubidoux）。计算出的OGV的贡献，环境PM2.5测量在10个监测站点同意使用基于排放清单的区域模型开发的估计。这一分析的结果将是有用的，在确定从OGV的主要颗粒物排放对世界各地的社区港口业务的顺风的影响。
The impact of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from ship emissions within the Southern California Air Basin is quantified by comparing in-stack vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) measurements from in-use ocean-going vessels (OGVs) with ambient measurements made at 10 monitoring stations throughout Southern California. V and Ni are demonstrated as robust markers for the combustion of heavy fuel oil in OGVs, and ambient measurements of fine particulate V and Ni within Southern California are shown to decrease inversely with increased distance from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (ports). High levels of V and Ni were observed from in-stack emission measurements conducted on the propulsion engines of two different in-use OGVs. The in-stack V and Ni emission rates (g/h) normalized by the V and Ni contents in the fuel tested correlates Wit the stack total PM emission rates (g/h). The normalized emission rates are used to estimate the primary PM2.5 contributions from OGVs at 10 monitoring locations within Southern California. Primary PM2.5 contributions from OGVs were found to range from 8.8% of the total PM2.5 at the monitoring location closest to the port (West Long Beach) to 1.4% of the total PM2.5 at the monitoring location 80 km inland (Rubidoux). The calculated OGV contributions to ambient PM2.5 measurements at the 10 monitoring sites agree well with estimates developed using an emission inventory based regional model. Results of this analysis will be useful in determining the impacts of primary particulate emissions from OGVs upon worldwide communities downwind of port operations.