Improving the Efficiency, Stability, and Adhesion of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nanogel Additive Engineering.
Improving the Efficiency, Stability, and Adhesion of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nanogel Additive Engineering.
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DOI：
10.1021/acsami.1c18239
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Amal Altujjar;M. Mokhtar;Qian Chen;Joseph Neilson;B. Spencer;A. Thomas;Jennifer M. Saunders;Ran Wang;Osama M Alkhudhari;Aleksandr Mironov;B. Saunders
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作者：
Amal Altujjar;M. Mokhtar;Qian Chen;Joseph Neilson;B. Spencer;A. Thomas;Jennifer M. Saunders;Ran Wang;Osama M Alkhudhari;Aleksandr Mironov;B. Saunders
增材工程已广泛应用于提高钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的效率和/或稳定性。迄今为止使用的大多数添加剂很难在 PSC 中定位，因为它们是小分子或线性聚合物。在这项工作中，我们首次引入羧酸功能化纳米凝胶（NG）作为 PSC 的添加剂。 NG 是可膨胀的亚 100 nm 凝胶颗粒。 NG由通过可扩展合成制备的聚(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯)-共-甲基丙烯酸-共-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(PMEO2MA-MAA-EGD)颗粒组成，其直径为40 nm。使用 SEM 在钙钛矿薄膜中可以看到它们，并且它们位于晶界处。 X 射线光电子和 FTIR 光谱表明 NGs 通过 -COOH 基团与 Pb2+ 配位。 PSC 中包含的 NG 增加了晶粒尺寸，减少了非辐射复合，并将功率转换效率 (PCE) 提高到 20.20%。 NG 还大大提高了钙钛矿对环境储存、高温和湿度的稳定性。最好的系统在环境条件下储存 180 天后仍保持其原始 PCE 的 80% 以上。拉伸横切胶带粘合力测试用于评估钙钛矿薄膜的机械完整性。 NGs 增加了钙钛矿对基底的粘附力和机械稳定性。这项研究表明，NG 是分子分散添加剂的一种有吸引力的替代品，可为 PSC 提供性能优势。我们的研究表明，NG 可充当钝化剂、稳定剂、交联剂和粘合促进剂。
Additive engineering has been applied widely to improve the efficiency and/or stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most additives used to date are difficult to locate within PSCs as they are small molecules or linear polymers. In this work, we introduce, for the first time, carboxylic acid-functionalized nanogels (NGs) as additives for PSCs. NGs are swellable sub-100 nm gel particles. The NGs consist of poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate)-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylenegylcol dimethacrylate (PMEO2MA-MAA-EGD) particles prepared by a scalable synthesis, which have a diameter of 40 nm. They are visualized in the perovskite films using SEM and are located at the grain boundaries. X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopy reveal that the NGs coordinate with Pb2+ via the -COOH groups. Including the NGs within the PSCs increased the grain size, decreased nonradiative recombination, and increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 20.20%. The NGs also greatly increase perovskite stability to ambient storage, elevated temperature, and humidity. The best system maintained more than 80% of its original PCE after 180 days of storage under ambient conditions. Tensile cross-cut tape adhesion tests are used to assess perovskite film mechanical integrity. The NGs increased both the adhesion of the perovskite to the substrate and the mechanical stability. This study demonstrates that NGs are an attractive alternative to molecularly dispersed additives for providing performance benefits to PSCs. Our study indicates that the NGs act as a passivator, stabilizer, cross-linker, and adhesion promoter.