Towards Optimal Sustainable Energy Systems in Nordic Municipalities
Towards Optimal Sustainable Energy Systems in Nordic Municipalities
复制标题
北欧城市的最佳可持续能源系统
作者：
R. Fischer;E. Elfgren;A. Toffolo
芬兰、挪威和瑞典北方地区的城市能源系统面临多重挑战：大型工业、寒冷气候和电加热的高比例是能源消耗的特征，并导致了显著的电力需求峰值。地方当局致力于通过提高能源效率和投资于地方可再生能源发电，为实现国家二氧化碳减排目标作出贡献，同时考虑到其自身的经济发展目标、提高能源自给率和负担得起的能源成本。本文制定了一个多目标优化问题，这些目标是通过接口的能源系统仿真工具EnergyMonitoring在Matlab中实现的多目标进化算法来解决。还对一些关键经济参数进行了敏感性分析。通过这种方式，为综合电力和供暖部门确定了最佳替代方案，并为地方当局的决策者提供了宝贵的见解。皮特罗（Norrbotten，瑞典）被用作一个案例研究，是北欧城市的代表，结果表明，二氧化碳排放量可以减少60%，而不会显着增加总成本和电力输入峰值最多可以减少38%。
Municipal energy systems in the northern regions of Finland, Norway, and Sweden face multiple challenges: large-scale industries, cold climate, and a high share of electric heating characterize energy consumption and cause significant peak electricity demand. Local authorities are committed in contributing to national goals on CO2 emission reductions by improving energy efficiency and investing in local renewable electricity generation, while considering their own objectives for economic development, increased energy self-sufficiency, and affordable energy costs. This paper formulates a multi-objective optimization problem about these goals that is solved by interfacing the energy systems simulation tool EnergyPLAN with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm implemented in Matlab. A sensitivity analysis on some key economic parameters is also performed. In this way, optimal alternatives are identified for the integrated electricity and heating sectors and valuable insights are offered to decision-makers in local authorities. Piteå (Norrbotten, Sweden) is used as a case study that is representative of Nordic municipalities, and results show that CO2 emissions can be reduced by 60% without a considerable increase in total costs and that peak electricity import can be reduced by a maximum of 38%.