Adaptations for marine habitat and the effect of Triassic and Jurassic predator pressure on development of decompression syndrome in ichthyosaurs
Adaptations for marine habitat and the effect of Triassic and Jurassic predator pressure on development of decompression syndrome in ichthyosaurs
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海洋栖息地的适应以及三叠纪和侏罗纪捕食者压力对鱼龙减压综合征发展的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-012-0918-0
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruce M. Rothschild;B. Rothschild;B. Rothschild;Xiaoting Zheng;Xiaoting Zheng;L. Martin
减压综合征（沉箱病或“弯曲”）导致缺血性坏死，在中侏罗世至晚白垩世的沧龙、蜥脚龙、鱼龙和海龟中均有记载，但尚不清楚这种疾病是否早在三叠纪就发生了。我们研究了一个大型的三叠纪鱼龙样本，并将其与一个同样大型的后三叠纪样本进行了比较。在中侏罗世晚期至白垩纪的鱼龙化石中，有超过15%出现了缺血性坏死，其中以早白垩世的出现率最高（18%），但在地质年代较老的标本中，这种情况很少见或不存在。三叠纪的爬行动物，潜水要么是生理保护，或快速变化的位置在水柱罕见和微不足道，足以防止被记录在骨架。由于水下捕食者的威胁而紧急浮出水面可能是呼吸空气的潜水员缺血性坏死的最重要原因，骨骼中记录了此类事件的相对频率。在三叠纪潜水似乎一直是一个“悠闲”的行为，直到在晚侏罗世，迫使突然的深度变化的大型食肉动物的进化，导致了更高的弯曲发生。
Decompression syndrome (caisson disease or the “the bends”) resulting in avascular necrosis has been documented in mosasaurs, sauropterygians, ichthyosaurs, and turtles from the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, but it was unclear that this disease occurred as far back as the Triassic. We have examined a large Triassic sample of ichthyosaurs and compared it with an equally large post-Triassic sample. Avascular necrosis was observed in over 15 % of Late Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous ichthyosaurs with the highest occurrence (18 %) in the Early Cretaceous, but was rare or absent in geologically older specimens. Triassic reptiles that dive were either physiologically protected, or rapid changes of their position in the water column rare and insignificant enough to prevent being recorded in the skeleton. Emergency surfacing due to a threat from an underwater predator may be the most important cause of avascular necrosis for air-breathing divers, with relative frequency of such events documented in the skeleton. Diving in the Triassic appears to have been a “leisurely” behavior until the evolution of large predators in the Late Jurassic that forced sudden depth alterations contributed to a higher occurrence of bends.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BLOCK, BA;FINNERTY, JR;KIDD, J
通讯作者：
KIDD, J