Changing times, changing stories: Generational differences in climate change perspectives from four remote indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska
Changing times, changing stories: Generational differences in climate change perspectives from four remote indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska
复制标题
时代变迁，故事变迁：亚北极阿拉斯加四个偏远土著社区气候变化观点的代际差异
DOI：
10.5751/es-08463-210328
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
E. Mutter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicole M. Herman‐Mercer;Elli Matkin;M. Laituri;R. Toohey;Maggie Massey;K. Elder;P. Schuster;E. Mutter
北极和亚北极洲土著社区目前面临着无数的社会和环境变化。为了应对这些变化，关于土著知识(IK)和气候变化脆弱性、复原力和适应能力的研究近年来大幅增加。对生命和生计的风险往往是适应研究的重点；然而，气候变化的文化层面也同样重要，因为文化层面决定了人们对风险的看法。此外，许多北极和亚北极洲气候变化研究记录了对变化的观察和社区中长辈和老一辈人的知识，但很少包括年轻人口的观点。长辈和老一辈人的这些观测形成了这些地区天气和气候观测的历史基线记录。然而，许多土著北极和亚北极区社区主要由年轻居民组成。我们重点研究了年轻人和老年人在气候变化的文化层面上的差异。我们概述了在阿拉斯加州北部的四个土著社区进行的访谈的结果。研究结果显示：(1)在所有四个社区的受访者中，对变化的代际观察是常见的；(2)我们访问的年长一代比年轻一代观察到更多的总体变化；(3)不同代际之间的变化感知是如何变化的。我们将“观察”定义为所描述的环境和天气变化的具体例子，而“感知”指的是访谈参与者理解这些变化的观察并将其与背景联系起来的方式。了解不同世代对变化的观察和看法的差异是制定气候变化适应战略的关键问题。
Indigenous Arctic and Subarctic communities currently are facing a myriad of social and environmental changes. In response to these changes, studies concerning indigenous knowledge (IK) and climate change vulnerability, resiliency, and adaptation have increased dramatically in recent years. Risks to lives and livelihoods are often the focus of adaptation research; however, the cultural dimensions of climate change are equally important because cultural dimensions inform perceptions of risk. Furthermore, many Arctic and Subarctic IK climate change studies document observations of change and knowledge of the elders and older generations in a community, but few include the perspectives of the younger population. These observations by elders and older generations form a historical baseline record of weather and climate observations in these regions. However, many indigenous Arctic and Subarctic communities are composed of primarily younger residents. We focused on the differences in the cultural dimensions of climate change found between young adults and elders. We outlined the findings from interviews conducted in four indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska. The findings revealed that (1) intergenerational observations of change were common among interview participants in all four communities, (2) older generations observed more overall change than younger generations interviewed by us, and (3) how change was perceived varied between generations. We defined “observations” as the specific examples of environmental and weather change that were described, whereas “perceptions” referred to the manner in which these observations of change were understood and contextualized by the interview participants. Understanding the differences in generational observations and perceptions of change are key issues in the development of climate change adaptation strategies.