Alternative methods for characterization of extracellular vesicles.
Alternative methods for characterization of extracellular vesicles.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2012.00354
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kuo WP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Momen-Heravi F;Balaj L;Alian S;Tigges J;Toxavidis V;Ericsson M;Distel RJ;Ivanov AR;Skog J;Kuo WP
细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles，ECV）是由所有细胞在体外和体内释放的纳米级囊泡。它们的作用主要涉及细胞间通讯，但也涉及疾病生物标志物，最近还涉及基因递送。它们代表了释放时细胞状态的快照，并携带生物活性大分子，如核酸，蛋白质和脂质。在这个新兴的新领域的一个主要限制是可用性/意识的技术，隔离和正确表征ECV。缺乏黄金标准使得比较不同的研究非常困难，并可能阻碍一些ECV特定的证据。最近，随着纳米颗粒跟踪分析、流式细胞术、冷冻电子显微镜仪器和蛋白质组学技术的使用，ECV的表征也取得了许多进展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了翻译技术的最新发展，包括表征方法，包括支持它们的事实和它们面临的挑战。
Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are nano-sized vesicles released by all cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Their role has been implicated mainly in cell–cell communication, but also in disease biomarkers and more recently in gene delivery. They represent a snapshot of the cell status at the moment of release and carry bioreactive macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. A major limitation in this emerging new field is the availability/awareness of techniques to isolate and properly characterize ECVs. The lack of gold standards makes comparing different studies very difficult and may potentially hinder some ECVs-specific evidence. Characterization of ECVs has also recently seen many advances with the use of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, flow cytometry, cryo-electron microscopy instruments, and proteomic technologies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in translational technologies involving characterization methods including the facts in their support and the challenges they face.
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