Physiological and growth tolerance in wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) injury
Physiological and growth tolerance in wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) injury
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/28.5.787
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Quisenberry, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haile, FJ;Higley, LG;Quisenberry, SS
植物对来自食草昆虫的伤害的耐受性作为害虫管理方法具有几个优点。然而，它的使用是有限的，因为赋予植物耐受性的机制还没有很好地理解。我们推测，植物的生理反应，特别是光合作用，大大有助于植物对节肢动物伤害的耐受性。用3个小麦品种（Triticum eastivum L.）品系对俄罗斯小麦蚜虫Diuraphis noxia（Mordvilko）的抗性模式不同。这些品系是“Arapahoe”（敏感品系）、PI 137739（抗生素品系）和PI 262660（耐受品系）。这些品系在温室中生长，蚜虫在植物上维持1周，并测定这些品系的生理反应。光变曲线和荧光数据表明，蚜虫伤害叶片光合速率降低的主要机制是通过干扰光合作用初期的光化学效率。蚜虫伤害的幼苗具有较低的光饱和点，这表明与对照幼苗相比，光能利用效率较低。在蚜虫去除后，蚜虫伤害降低叶绿素荧光和光合速率在所有的线，但PI 137739（与蚜虫）有显着更大的光合速率降低。耐蚜品系PI 262660的光合速率在去蚜后3d开始恢复，7d后完全恢复。这种渐进的光合补偿在其它2个株系中没有发生。PI 262660的叶面积和干物质积累量也明显高于其他品种。这项研究表明，光合调节可以显着地有助于植物耐受节肢动物伤害。此外，这里的证据表明，植物通过光合作用的积极防御是以降低生理耐受性和补偿能力为代价的。
Plant tolerance to injury from insect herbivores has several advantages as a pest management approach. However, its use is limited because mechanisms conferring plant tolerance are not well understood. We hypothesize that plant physiological responses, specifically photosynthesis, substantially contribute to plant tolerance to arthropod injury. This hypothesis was tested on 3 wheat (Triticum eastivum L.) lines that differed in their mode of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). The lines were 'Arapahoe' (a susceptible line), PI 137739 (an antibiotic line),and PI 262660 (a tolerant line). These lines were grown in a greenhouse, aphids were maintained on plants for 1 wk, and physiological responses of these lines were determined. Light curve and fluorescence data indicated that the primary mechanism for photosynthetic rate reduction in aphid-injured leaves is via interference of the photochemical efficiency at the initial stage of photosynthesis. Aphid-injured seedlings had lower light-saturation points, which suggested less efficient use of light energy compared with control seedlings. Immediately after aphid removal, aphid injury reduced chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic rates in all lines, but PI 137739 (with antibiosis) had significantly greater photosynthetic rate reduction. Photosynthetic rates of the tolerant line, PI 262660, began recovering 3 d after aphid removal with complete photosynthetic recovery 7 d after aphid removal. This gradual photosynthetic compensation did not occur in the other 2 lines. PI 262660 also had greater leaf area and more dry matter when compared with the other cultivars. This study demonstrates that photosynthetic adjustments can significantly contribute to plant tolerance resulting from arthropod injury. Moreover, evidence here indicates that an active plant defense through antibiosis comes at the cost of reduced capacity for physiological tolerance and compensation.