Rapid assessment of lamp spectrum to quantify ecological effects of light at night
Rapid assessment of lamp spectrum to quantify ecological effects of light at night
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.2184
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Herf, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Longcore, Travis;Rodriguez, Airam;Herf, Michael
几十年来，照明的光谱组成由灯的类型决定，这也影响了户外灯光对物种和生态系统的潜在影响。发光二极管（LED）灯已经显著地增加了对于户外照明经济上可行的光的光谱轮廓的范围。由于选择众多，因此有必要开发方法来预测不同光谱分布的影响，而无需进行实地研究，特别是因为旧的照明系统正在迅速更换。我们描述了一种方法来预测响应的范例生物体和组不同的光谱输出的灯通过计算一个指数的基础上行动光谱的生物体和灯的光谱辐照度的行为或视觉特征。我们计算一系列的灯类型和光源的相对响应指数，并开发一个指数，识别灯，最大限度地减少预测的影响，测量生态，生理和天文指数。使用这些评估指标，预测过滤的黄绿色和琥珀色LED对野生动物的影响低于高压钠灯，而富含蓝色的照明（例如，K >= 2200）会产生更大的影响。该方法可以更新有关生物体行为或视觉反应的新信息，并用于测试基于光谱的新照明产品。结合强度、方向和持续时间的控制，该方法可用于预测并最大限度地减少照明的不利影响，并可针对单个物种或分类组进行定制。
For many decades, the spectral composition of lighting was determined by the type of lamp, which also influenced potential effects of outdoor lights on species and ecosystems. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps have dramatically increased the range of spectral profiles of light that is economically viable for outdoor lighting. Because of the array of choices, it is necessary to develop methods to predict the effects of different spectral profiles without conducting field studies, especially because older lighting systems are being replaced rapidly. We describe an approach to predict responses of exemplar organisms and groups to lamps of different spectral output by calculating an index based on action spectra from behavioral or visual characteristics of organisms and lamp spectral irradiance. We calculate relative response indices for a range of lamp types and light sources and develop an index that identifies lamps that minimize predicted effects as measured by ecological, physiological, and astronomical indices. Using these assessment metrics, filtered yellow-green and amber LEDs are predicted to have lower effects on wildlife than high pressure sodium lamps, while blue-rich lighting (e.g., K >= 2200) would have greater effects. The approach can be updated with new information about behavioral or visual responses of organisms and used to test new lighting products based on spectrum. Together with control of intensity, direction, and duration, the approach can be used to predict and then minimize the adverse effects of lighting and can be tailored to individual species or taxonomic groups.