A Mixture of "Cheats'' and "Co-Operators'' Can Enable Maximal Group Benefit
A Mixture of "Cheats'' and "Co-Operators'' Can Enable Maximal Group Benefit
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000486
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gudelj, Ivana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacLean, R. Craig;Fuentes-Hernandez, Ayari;Gudelj, Ivana
如果每个人都合作，那么一个团体是否会变得最好？理论通常认为确实如此（例如“鸽子阴谋”），这种理解支撑着社会和经济政策。然而，我们观察到，在“作弊”和“合作”酵母菌株之间竞争后，群体适应性在共存下最大化。为了解决这是否可能只是我们实验系统的特殊性或具有更广泛适用性的结果，我们组装、基准、剖析， 并测试系统模型。这揭示了恢复意外结果所需的条件。它们有三个方面：（a）资源丰富时使用效率低下，（b）无法准确评估所需的合作量，以及（c）人口是结构化的，因此合作者获得的资源多于作弊者。放宽任何假设都可以导致在不存在作弊的情况下群体适应度最大化，我们通过实验证明了这一点 展示。这三个条件通常是相关的，因此为了了解社会互动的轨迹，有必要了解资源利用效率和信息准确性的动态。
Is a group best off if everyone co-operates? Theory often considers this to be so (e. g. the "conspiracy of doves''), this understanding underpinning social and economic policy. We observe, however, that after competition between "cheat'' and "co-operator'' strains of yeast, population fitness is maximized under co-existence. To address whether this might just be a peculiarity of our experimental system or a result with broader applicability, we assemble, benchmark, dissect, and test a systems model. This reveals the conditions necessary to recover the unexpected result. These are 3-fold: (a) that resources are used inefficiently when they are abundant, (b) that the amount of co-operation needed cannot be accurately assessed, and (c) the population is structured, such that co-operators receive more of the resource than the cheats. Relaxing any of the assumptions can lead to population fitness being maximized when cheats are absent, which we experimentally demonstrate. These three conditions will often be relevant, and hence in order to understand the trajectory of social interactions, understanding the dynamics of the efficiency of resource utilization and accuracy of information will be necessary.