The health effects of involuntary smoking.
The health effects of involuntary smoking.
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非自愿吸烟对健康的影响。
DOI：
10.1164/arrd.1983.128.5.933
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Speizer,FE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiss,ST;Tager,IB;Schenker,M;Speizer,FE
非自愿吸烟被定义为非吸烟者在室内环境中暴露于烟草燃烧产物。与主动吸烟者相比，非自愿吸烟者暴露于数量较少且质量不同的烟雾暴露。在生理学和流行病学研究中，对暴露量进行定量特别困难。急性生理学研究记录了健康受试者的最小生理变化。然而，患有心脏病或肺病的个体可能受到不同的影响。大量数据表明，父母（特别是母亲）吸烟与儿童急性呼吸道疾病和慢性呼吸道症状的发生有关。这种影响似乎在生命早期最大，不能与子宫内暴露分开。将父母吸烟与肺功能水平降低联系起来的数据都是横断面的，结论性不强。显而易见的是，被动吸烟暴露的直接影响程度可能相对较小（暴露儿童的最大肺功能水平降低1%至5%）。关于成年人的数据不足以进行定量估计。儿童被动吸烟的重要影响是双重的。肺功能水平的轻微下降可能会使个人在以后的生活中面临环境因子的风险增加。此外，父母吸烟大大增加了孩子成为吸烟者的可能性。最后，有两项研究将非吸烟者的肺癌与暴露于配偶的香烟烟雾联系起来。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现。非自愿吸烟可能会直接或间接地对健康产生重要影响，值得进一步研究。
Involuntary smoking is defined as the exposure of nonsmokers to tobacco combustion products in the indoor environment. Involuntary smokers are exposed to a quantitatively smaller and qualitatively different smoke exposure than active smokers. Quantitation of exposure is particularly difficult in both physiologic and epidemiologic studies. Acute physiologic studies have documented minimal physiologic changes in healthy subjects. However, individuals with heart or lung disease may be differentially affected. A relatively large body of data relates parental (particularly maternal) cigarette smoking to the occurrence of both acute respiratory illnesses and chronic respiratory symptoms in children. The effect seems to be greatest early in life and cannot be separated fromIn uteroexposure. Data linking parental smoking to lower levels of pulmonary function are all cross-sectional and less conclusive. What is apparent is that the magnitude of the direct effect of passive smoke exposure is likely to be relatively small (from 1 to 5% reduction in maximally obtained lung function level in exposed children). Data on adults are insufficient to allow for a quantitative estimate. The important effects of passive smoke exposure in childhood are twofold. The slight reduction in pulmonary function level may predispose individuals to increased risks from environmental agents later in life. In addition, having a parent who smokes substantially increases the likelihood that a child will become a smoker. Finally, two studies have linked lung cancer in nonsmokers to exposure to spouses’ cigarette smoke. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Involuntary smoking may have important health effects, either direct or indirect, which deserve further study.