'Green', rammed earth check dams: A proposal to restore gullies under low rainfall erosivity and runoff conditions.
'Green', rammed earth check dams: A proposal to restore gullies under low rainfall erosivity and runoff conditions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.189
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Galicia;J. Navarro‐Hevia;A. Martínez-Rodríguez;J. Mongil-Manso;J. Santibáñez
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Galicia;J. Navarro‐Hevia;A. Martínez-Rodríguez;J. Mongil-Manso;J. Santibáñez
沟道恢复淤地坝通常是用建筑材料建造的，对景观有永久性影响。虽然土坝还没有被用来修复沟壑，但它们已在世界各地被用于蓄水和控制洪水。在这里，我们提出了“绿色”，夯实的地球检查坝作为一个更好的环境解决方案，以恢复冲沟和集成检查坝的自然景观。这种新的土坝设计旨在减少建筑体积，因为我们建议上游的土墙采用直剖面，防渗心墙由夯实的土墙制成。此外，下游的斜坡和植被剖面使淤地坝与景观融为一体，而夯实的土墙则允许使用更适合自然环境的传统材料和施工方法。我们还介绍了设计过程，计算其稳定性与倾覆，滑动和地面阻力的重量。此外，我们比较了建设成本和碳足迹的夯实土检查坝与其他常用的检查坝，如混凝土或石笼检查坝。结果表明，尽管夯实土坝的成本可能更高（>21%），但由于下游路堤上的植被覆盖，它们也具有23，639.36 kg CO2的汇效应。这项工作表明，在低径流和降雨侵蚀力条件下，它们在细质地土壤的沟壑区和沟壑中的可行性。
Gully restoration check dams are usually made with construction materials and have a permanent impact on the landscape. Although earthen dams have not been used to restore gullies, they have been used around the world for water reservoirs and to control flooding. Here, we propose ‘green’, rammed earth check dams as a better environmental solution to restore gullies and integrate check dams in the natural landscape. This new design of earthen dam aimed at achieving a reduction in construction volume, as we propose a straight profile for the earthen wall upstream and an impervious core made of rammed earth wall. Moreover, the sloping, revegetated profile downstream enables integrating the check dam into the landscape, while the rammed earth wall allows the use of traditional materials and construction methods better adapted to the natural environment. We also present the design process, calculating its stability versus overturning, sliding and ground resistance for its weight. In addition, we compare the construction costs and carbon footprint of the rammed earth check dam with those of other frequently used check dams, such as concrete or gabion check dams. It shows that although rammed earth check dams may have a greater cost (>21%), they also have a sink effect of 23,639.36 kg CO2due to the vegetation cover on the downstream embankment. This work shows their feasibility in gullied areas and ravines of fine textured soils under low runoff and rainfall erosivity conditions.