A State-of-the-Science Review of Mercury Biomarkers in Human Populations Worldwide between 2000 and 2018.
A State-of-the-Science Review of Mercury Biomarkers in Human Populations Worldwide between 2000 and 2018.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp3904
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Tempowski J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basu N;Horvat M;Evers DC;Zastenskaya I;Weihe P;Tempowski J
《水银公约》规定了针对全球汞污染采取行动的授权。然而，我们对汞暴露的了解是有限的，因为有许多地区和亚群几乎没有或根本没有数据。我们的目标是通过收集、整理和分析已发表的科学文献中报告的生物标记物样本中的汞浓度，来增加全世界对人类汞暴露的了解。使用三个数据库对同行评议的科学文献进行系统搜索。使用先验搜索策略、资格标准和数据提取步骤来确定相关研究。我们收集了来自75个国家和地区的312篇文章中335,991个人的424,858个汞生物标记物的测量值。一般背景接触不明显的人群的血液、头发和尿汞水平通常分别低于、和。我们确定了四个令人关切的群体：a)以鱼类和海洋哺乳动物为食的北极群体；b)以鱼类为食并在某些情况下可能面临采矿风险的热带河流社区(特别是亚马孙人)；c)大量依赖海鲜的沿海和/或小岛屿社区；以及d)在手工和小规模金矿采矿点工作或居住的个人。这项审查表明，全世界所有人口都暴露在一定数量的汞中，在国家和地区内部和地区之间的暴露存在很大的差异。仍然有许多地理区域和亚群数据有限，从而阻碍了基于证据的决策。这类信息对于帮助了解暴露情况至关重要，特别是考虑到《水银公约》中的某些规定。Https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3904
The Minamata Convention on Mercury provided a mandate for action against global mercury pollution. However, our knowledge of mercury exposures is limited because there are many regions and subpopulations with little or no data. We aimed to increase worldwide understanding of human exposures to mercury by collecting, collating, and analyzing mercury concentrations in biomarker samples reported in the published scientific literature. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed using three databases. A priori search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data extraction steps were used to identify relevant studies. We collected 424,858 mercury biomarker measurements from 335,991 individuals represented in 312 articles from 75 countries. General background populations with insignificant exposures have blood, hair, and urine mercury levels that generally fall under , , and , respectively. We identified four populations of concern: a) Arctic populations who consume fish and marine mammals; b) tropical riverine communities (especially Amazonian) who consume fish and in some cases may be exposed to mining; c) coastal and/or small-island communities who substantially depend on seafood; and d) individuals who either work or reside among artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites. This review suggests that all populations worldwide are exposed to some amount of mercury and that there is great variability in exposures within and across countries and regions. There remain many geographic regions and subpopulations with limited data, thus hindering evidence-based decision making. This type of information is critical in helping understand exposures, particularly in light of certain stipulations in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3904