Parental Expressions of Anxiety and Child Temperament in Toddlerhood Jointly Predict Preschoolers' Avoidance of Novelty
Parental Expressions of Anxiety and Child Temperament in Toddlerhood Jointly Predict Preschoolers' Avoidance of Novelty
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DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2017.1371029
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bogels, Susan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aktar, Evin;Majdandzic, Mirjana;Bogels, Susan M.
本研究采用纵向研究设计，考察了父母的社会特质与状态焦虑之间的关系，以及儿童在社会参照情境中的恐惧和回避与B之间的关系，并考虑了儿童气质在这些关系中的调节作用。孩子们分别在1岁（N=122）、2.5岁（N=117）和4.5岁（N=111）时与他们的父亲和母亲一起面对陌生人和机器人。分别在1年和2.5年时观察到行为抑制（BI）。父母的社交焦虑障碍（SAD）的严重程度通过产前和4.5年的访谈进行了评估。父母在4.5岁时表达更多的焦虑与4.5岁时更多的恐惧或回避没有显着联系。如果父母在2.5岁时表现出更多的焦虑，那么高BI儿童在4.5岁时会更加回避，如果父母有更严重的终身SAD，他们会更加害怕。随着时间的推移，更严重的SAD终身形式也与儿童恐惧和回避的更明显增加有关，而父母的焦虑表达仅在2.5至4.5年内预测了更明显的回避增加。高BI幼儿的父母具有较高的状态和特质焦虑变得更加回避的新奇感作为学龄前儿童，说明考虑儿童气质的气质之间的联系的重要性，儿童和父母的焦虑。此外，随着时间的推移，具有更多特质和状态焦虑的父母的孩子表现出更明显的恐惧和回避增加，突出了针对父母SAD的早期干预的重要性。
This study investigated the link between (a) parents' social trait and state anxiety and (b) children's fear and avoidance in social referencing situations in a longitudinal design and considered the modulating role of child temperament in these links. Children were confronted with a stranger and a robot, separately with their father and mother at 1 (N=122), at 2.5 (N=117), and at 4.5(N=111) years of age. Behavioral inhibition (BI) was separately observed at 1 and 2.5 years. Parents' social anxiety disorder (SAD) severity was assessed via interviews prenatally and at 4.5 years. More expressed anxiety by parents at 4.5 years was not significantly linked to more fear or avoidance at 4.5 years. High BI children were more avoidant at 4.5 years if their parents expressed more anxiety at 2.5 years, and they were more fearful if the parents had more severe forms of lifetime SAD. More severe lifetime forms of SAD were also related to more pronounced increases in child fear and avoidance over time, whereas parents' expressions of anxiety predicted more pronounced increases in avoidance only from 2.5 to 4.5 years. High BI toddlers of parents with higher state and trait anxiety become more avoidant of novelty as preschoolers, illustrating the importance of considering child temperamental dispositions in the links between child and parent anxiety. Moreover, children of parents with more trait and state anxiety showed more pronounced increases in fear and avoidance over time, highlighting the importance of early interventions targeting parents' SAD.