The Formation of Trihalomethanes.
The Formation of Trihalomethanes.
复制标题
三卤甲烷的形成。
DOI：
10.1002/j.1551-8833.1978.tb04255.x
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mark D. Umphres
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Trussell;Mark D. Umphres
由于三卤甲烷问题，饮用水中天然水生腐殖质的重要性大大增加。1974年，Rook1发表了一项在鹿特丹自来水公司进行的调查，该调查显示，氯化后立即产生了大量的卤仿。同年晚些时候，Bellar、Lichtenberg和Krone 2报告了美国某些饮用沃茨中有机卤化物的含量。这两次讨论都认为，所发现的卤代有机物是氯对天然有色沃茨作用的结果。发现的主要化合物是三卤甲烷，尤其是氯仿。1975年，Rook3对影响三卤甲烷形成的各种因素进行了更完整的介绍，毫无疑问，它们是由氯对天然有机物的作用引起的。同年晚些时候，美国环保署公布了国家有机物调查（NORS）4的结果，显示几乎在每一个成品水中都能发现三卤甲烷，但在原水供应中只是偶尔发现。1976年，美国国家癌症研究所5发表的研究结果显示，最常见的三卤甲烷氯仿在高剂量下可能导致大鼠患癌。不久之后，FDA禁止使用氯仿作为食品或药物制备中的添加剂，现在水行业面临着一项拟议的EPA法规7，旨在限制公众通过饮用水供应长期平均暴露于THMs。本文总结了目前可获得的影响THM反应的因素的信息。本文首先对天然水生腐殖质的性质作了简要的论述。
As a result of the trihalomethanes issue, the significance of natural aquatic humus in drinking water has increased considerably. In 1974 Rook1 published an investigation conducted at the Rotterdam water utility which showed haloforms at significant levels immediately following chlorination. Later that year Bellar, Lichtenberg, and Krone2 reported significant levels of organohalides in some US drinking waters. Both discussions argued that the halogenated organics found were the result of action of chlorine on naturally colored waters. Principal among the compounds found were the trihalomethanes, especially chloroform. In 1975 Rook3 gave a more complete presentation of the various factors influencing the formation of trihalomethanes, leaving little doubt that they resulted from the action of chlorine on natural organics. Later that year EPA presented the results of the National Organics Reconnaissance Survey (NORS)4 showing that THMs could be found in almost every finished water but only occasionally in raw water supplies. In 1976 the National Cancer Institute5 published results showing that at high doses chloroform, the most common THM, could cause cancer in rats. This was soon followed by an FDA ban'* on the use of chloroform as an additive in the preparation of food or drugs, and now the water industry faces a proposed EPA regulation7 designed to limit the long-term average exposure of the public to THMs via the drinking water supply. This article summarizes the information presently available on the factors influencing the THM reaction. First, a brief discussion of the character of natural aquatic humus is in order.