Attachment Orientations, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, and Stress Are Important for Understanding the Link Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Adult Self-Reported Health.
Attachment Orientations, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, and Stress Are Important for Understanding the Link Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Adult Self-Reported Health.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12160-016-9842-4
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fagundes CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Murdock KW;Fagundes CP
儿童期社会经济地位低与成人健康状况不佳确实相关。从理论上讲，生命早期的社会环境和生理应激反应是这种联系的基础；然而，依恋取向的作用相对未知。在本研究中，我们考察了依恋取向（即依恋焦虑和依恋回避）和自我报告的压力是否是童年SES与成年后自我报告健康之间关联的中介。此外，我们研究了副交感神经系统功能是否在依恋取向和自我报告压力之间的关联中起调节作用。213名参与者提供了童年社会地位、依恋取向、压力和自评健康的自我报告。呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）在休息时测量，以及在急性社会压力时测量。儿童期社会经济地位低与自我报告的健康状况不佳相关，这是通过依恋焦虑到一般压力的一系列途径实现的。此外，依恋回避通过一般压力与自我报告的健康状况有关，但仅在高压力诱导的RSA中存在。研究结果与参与者的年龄、性别、种族、体重指数、基线RSA和成人SES无关。依恋理论有助于理解为什么来自低社会经济地位背景的人在成年后面临更大的负面健康结果风险。研究结果扩展了我们对童年人际关系如何影响成年后情绪和身体健康结果的认识。
Low childhood SES is reliably associated with poor adult health. Social environments early in life and physiological stress responses are theorized to underlie this link; however, the role of attachment orientations is relatively unknown. In this study, we examined whether attachment orientations (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and self-reported stress were mediators of the association between childhood SES and self-reported health in adulthood. Furthermore, we examined whether parasympathetic nervous system functioning was a moderator of associations between attachment orientations and self-reported stress. Participants (N = 213) provided self-reports of childhood SES, attachment orientations, stress, and self-rated health. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured at rest, as well as during an acute social stressor. Low childhood SES was associated with poor self-reported health via the serial pathway from attachment anxiety to general stress. Moreover, attachment avoidance was associated with self-reported health via general stress, but only among those with high stress-induced RSA. Findings were independent of participant age, sex, race, body mass index, baseline RSA, and adult SES. Attachment theory is useful for understanding why those from low SES backgrounds are at greater risk of negative health outcomes in adulthood. Findings extend our knowledge of how interpersonal relationships in childhood can shape emotional and physical health outcomes in adulthood.