Somatic transgenesis in the avian model system.
Somatic transgenesis in the avian model system.
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DOI：
10.1002/bdrc.20033
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发表时间：
2005-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Ishii;T. Mikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Ishii;T. Mikawa
鸡胚是一种多功能的模型系统，在其中经典胚胎学可与现代分子方法相结合。在过去的二十年中，已经开发了几种有效的方法将外源基因导入鸡胚。这些技术能够以空间和时间受限的方式改变基因表达水平，从而避免胚胎致死以及/或者消除在其他组织中的次生效应。在此，我们介绍禽类体细胞转基因技术的现状，重点关注电穿孔和逆转录病毒介导的基因转移。电穿孔能够基于基因的瞬时错误表达进行快速且有效的功能获得性研究。逆转录病毒载体能够将外源基因整合到宿主染色体中，从而可以分析基因错误表达的长期效应。可用于体细胞转基因的多种方法，以及近期鸡基因组的完成，正在将鸡胚转变为研究对胚胎发育重要的基因功能的最具吸引力的模型系统之一。
The chick embryo is a versatile model system, in which classical embryology can be combined with modern molecular approaches. In the last two decades, several efficient methods have been developed to introduce exogenous genes into the chick embryo. These techniques allow alteration of gene expression levels in a spatially and temporally restricted manner, thereby circumventing embryonic lethality and/or eliminating secondary effects in other tissues. Here, we present the current status of avian somatic transgenic techniques, focusing on electroporation and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Electroporation allows quick and efficient gain-of-function studies based on transient misexpression of genes. Retroviral vectors, which are capable of integrating exogenous genes into the host chromosome, permit analysis of long-term effects of gene misexpression. The variety of methods available for somatic transgenesis, along with the recent completion of the chicken genome, are transforming the chick embryo into one of the most attractive model systems to examine function of genes that are important for embryonic development.