Preface to the Special Issue on “Hydrology from Space”
Preface to the Special Issue on “Hydrology from Space”
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“太空水文学”特刊序言
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Savenije
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Cazenave;H. Savenije
1水在地球系统中的重要性陆地沃茨仅占地球总水量的不到1%。然而，它们对陆地生命和人类需求有着至关重要的影响，并在气候变化中发挥着重要作用。除了冰盖，陆地上的淡水储存在各种水库中：积雪、冰川、含水层和其他地质构造、根区（土壤上部几米）和地表沃茨（河流、湖泊、人工水库、湿地和淹没区）。陆地沃茨通过垂直和水平质量通量（蒸发、植被蒸腾、地表和地下径流）不断与大气和海洋交换。陆地沃茨是全球气候系统的一个组成部分，通过影响陆地水、大气和海洋之间的地表能量和水分通量，产生重要的联系和反馈。因此，分析全球水平衡中水的流动和储存是理解水循环的关键问题。这对于清点和管理水资源也是至关重要的。然而，由于无法在全球范围内进行常规的实地观测，对大陆沃茨的全球分布和时空变化仍然知之甚少。
1 Importance of Water in the Earth’s System Terrestrial waters represent less than a mere 1% of the total amount of water on Earth. However, they have crucial impact on terrestrial life and human needs, and play a major role in climate variability. Excluding the ice caps, fresh water on land is stored in various reservoirs: snow pack, glaciers, aquifers and other geological formations, root zone (upper few meters of the soil), and surface waters (rivers, lakes, man-made reservoirs, wetlands and inundated areas). Land waters are continuously exchanged with the atmosphere and oceans through vertical and horizontal mass fluxes (evaporation, transpiration of the vegetation, surface and underground runoff). Terrestrial waters are an integral part of the global climate system with important links and feedbacks generated through their influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes between continental water, atmosphere and oceans. Analysis of the flow and storage of water in the global water balance is therefore, a key issue for the understanding of the water cycle. It is also essential for making an inventory of, and for managing, water resources. However, the global distribution and spatio-temporal variations of continental waters are still poorly known because routine in situ observations are not available globally.