THE DETECTION OF A SN IIn IN OPTICAL FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ICECUBE NEUTRINO EVENTS
THE DETECTION OF A SN IIn IN OPTICAL FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ICECUBE NEUTRINO EVENTS
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/811/1/52
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Aartsen;K. Abraham;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;T. Anderson;M. Archinger;C. Arguelles;T. Arlen;J. Auffenberg;X. Bai;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;E. Beiser;S. BenZvi;P. Berghaus;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;A. Bernhard;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;M. Bissok;E. Blaufuss;J. Blumenthal;D. Boersma;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;H. Bretz;A. Brown;N. Buzinsky;J. Casey;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;B. Christy;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;D. Cowen;A. H. C. Silva;J. Daughhetee;J. Davis;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;R. Eagan;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;S. Euler;P. Evenson;O. Fadiran;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;A. Fedynitch;J. Feintzeig;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;T. Fischer-Wasels;S. Flis;T. Fuchs;M. Glagla;T. Gaisser;R. Gaior;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;D. Gier;L. Gladstone;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;G. Golup;J. G. Gonzalez;D. G'ora;D. Grant;P. Gretskov;J. Groh;A. Gross;C. Ha;C. Haack;A. H. Ismail;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;B. Hansmann;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;D. Hellwig;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;K. Holzapfe;A. Homeier;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;W. Huelsnitz;P. O. Hulth;K. Hultqvist;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;K. Jero;M. Jurkovič;B. Kaminsky;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;J. Kemp;A. Kheirandish;J. Kiryluk;J. Klas;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;R. Konietz;A. Koob;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;G. Kroll;M. Kroll;J. Kunnen;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;J. Leuner;J. Lunemann;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;H. Matis;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;A. Meli;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;E. Middell;E. Middlemas;J. Miller;L. Mohrmann;T. Montaruli;R. Morse;R. Nahnhauer;U. Naumann;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Obertacke;A. Olivas;A. Omairat;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;L. Paul;J. Pepper;C. Heros;C. Pfendner;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;J. Posselt;P. Price;G. Przybylski;J. Putz;M. Quinnan;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;P. Redl;R. Reimann;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Richter;B. Riedel;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;S. M. Saba;L. Sabbatini;H. Sander;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;S. Sarkar;K. Schatto;F. Scheriau;M. Schimp;T. Schmidt;M. Schmitz;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;A. Schonwald;A. Schukraft;L. Schulte;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;R. Shanidze;M. Smith;D. Soldin;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;M. Stahlberg;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;N. Stanisha;Alexander Stasik;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;E. Strahler;R. Strom;N. Strotjohann;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;H. Taavola;I. Taboada;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;A. Turcati;E. Unger;M. Usner;S. Vallecorsa;N. Eijndhoven;J. Vandenbroucke;J. Santen;S. Vanheule;J. Veenkamp;M. Vehring;M. Voge;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;C. Weaver;C. Wendt;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;C. Wichary;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;H. Wissing;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;P. Zarzhitsky;M. Zoll;F. C. Collaboration;E. Ofek;M. Kasliwal;P. Nugent;I. Arcavi;J. Bloom;S. Kulkarni;D. Perley;T. Barlow;A. Horesh;A. Gal-yam;D. Howell;B. Dilday;F. C. Collaboration;P. Evans;J. Kennea;F. C. Collaboration;W. Burgett;K. Chambers;N. Kaiser;C. Waters;H. Flewelling;J. Tonry;A. Rest;S. Smartt;for the Cta consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Aartsen;K. Abraham;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;T. Anderson;M. Archinger;C. Arguelles;T. Arlen;J. Auffenberg;X. Bai;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;E. Beiser;S. BenZvi;P. Berghaus;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;A. Bernhard;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;M. Bissok;E. Blaufuss;J. Blumenthal;D. Boersma;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;H. Bretz;A. Brown;N. Buzinsky;J. Casey;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;B. Christy;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;D. Cowen;A. H. C. Silva;J. Daughhetee;J. Davis;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;R. Eagan;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;S. Euler;P. Evenson;O. Fadiran;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;A. Fedynitch;J. Feintzeig;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;T. Fischer-Wasels;S. Flis;T. Fuchs;M. Glagla;T. Gaisser;R. Gaior;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;D. Gier;L. Gladstone;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;G. Golup;J. G. Gonzalez;D. G'ora;D. Grant;P. Gretskov;J. Groh;A. Gross;C. Ha;C. Haack;A. H. Ismail;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;B. Hansmann;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;D. Hellwig;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;K. Holzapfe;A. Homeier;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;W. Huelsnitz;P. O. Hulth;K. Hultqvist;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;K. Jero;M. Jurkovič;B. Kaminsky;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;J. Kemp;A. Kheirandish;J. Kiryluk;J. Klas;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;R. Konietz;A. Koob;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;G. Kroll;M. Kroll;J. Kunnen;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;J. Leuner;J. Lunemann;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;H. Matis;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;A. Meli;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;E. Middell;E. Middlemas;J. Miller;L. Mohrmann;T. Montaruli;R. Morse;R. Nahnhauer;U. Naumann;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Obertacke;A. Olivas;A. Omairat;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;L. Paul;J. Pepper;C. Heros;C. Pfendner;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;J. Posselt;P. Price;G. Przybylski;J. Putz;M. Quinnan;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;P. Redl;R. Reimann;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Richter;B. Riedel;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;S. M. Saba;L. Sabbatini;H. Sander;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;S. Sarkar;K. Schatto;F. Scheriau;M. Schimp;T. Schmidt;M. Schmitz;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;A. Schonwald;A. Schukraft;L. Schulte;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;R. Shanidze;M. Smith;D. Soldin;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;M. Stahlberg;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;N. Stanisha;Alexander Stasik;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;E. Strahler;R. Strom;N. Strotjohann;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;H. Taavola;I. Taboada;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;A. Turcati;E. Unger;M. Usner;S. Vallecorsa;N. Eijndhoven;J. Vandenbroucke;J. Santen;S. Vanheule;J. Veenkamp;M. Vehring;M. Voge;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;C. Weaver;C. Wendt;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;C. Wichary;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;H. Wissing;M. Wolf;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;P. Zarzhitsky;M. Zoll;F. C. Collaboration;E. Ofek;M. Kasliwal;P. Nugent;I. Arcavi;J. Bloom;S. Kulkarni;D. Perley;T. Barlow;A. Horesh;A. Gal-yam;D. Howell;B. Dilday;F. C. Collaboration;P. Evans;J. Kennea;F. C. Collaboration;W. Burgett;K. Chambers;N. Kaiser;C. Waters;H. Flewelling;J. Tonry;A. Rest;S. Smartt;for the Cta consortium
冰立方中微子观测站进行一项后续计划，实时选择有趣的中微子事件，并为电磁后续观测发出警报。2012年3月，冰立方发布了运行头三年中最重要的中微子警报。在Palomar瞬变工厂(PTF)的后续观测中，发现了一颗距离中微子警报方向0.°2的IIn型超新星(SN IIn)PTF12csy，误差半径为0.°54。它的红移为z=0.0684，对应的光度距离约为300Mpc，而PanSTARRS1的观测表明，它的爆炸时间至少在中微子警报之前158天(在宿主星系的静止坐标系中)，因此不太可能存在因果联系。在冰立方2011年/12年的数据采集季节内，中微子和SN在任何时期的机会探测到的后验意义是2.2σ。此外，互补的中微子分析显示，在一年的过程中没有长期信号。因此，我们认为SN的探测是符合的，而中微子与SN无关。然而，SN本身是不同寻常和有趣的：它发光且充满能量，与SN IIn 2010jl有很大的相似之处，并显示出SN喷出物与密集的星周介质相互作用的迹象。在扩散激波加速模型中，预计会有高能中微子发射，但对于这种特定的SN，中微子发射的水平很低，无法检测到。在本文中，我们描述了SN PTF12csy，给出了中微子和电磁数据，并进行了分析。
The IceCube neutrino observatory pursues a follow-up program selecting interesting neutrino events in real-time and issuing alerts for electromagnetic follow-up observations. In 2012 March, the most significant neutrino alert during the first three years of operation was issued by IceCube. In the follow-up observations performed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) PTF12csy was found 0.°2 away from the neutrino alert direction, with an error radius of 0.°54. It has a redshift of z = 0.0684, corresponding to a luminosity distance of about 300 Mpc and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that its explosion time was at least 158 days (in host galaxy rest frame) before the neutrino alert, so that a causal connection is unlikely. The a posteriori significance of the chance detection of both the neutrinos and the SN at any epoch is 2.2σ within IceCube's 2011/12 data acquisition season. Also, a complementary neutrino analysis reveals no long-term signal over the course of one year. Therefore, we consider the SN detection coincidental and the neutrinos uncorrelated to the SN. However, the SN is unusual and interesting by itself: it is luminous and energetic, bearing strong resemblance to the SN IIn 2010jl, and shows signs of interaction of the SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. High-energy neutrino emission is expected in models of diffusive shock acceleration, but at a low, non-detectable level for this specific SN. In this paper, we describe the SN PTF12csy and present both the neutrino and electromagnetic data, as well as their analysis.