The virtues of small grain size: Potential pathways to a distinguishing feature of Asian wheats
The virtues of small grain size: Potential pathways to a distinguishing feature of Asian wheats
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.059
复制
发表时间：
2016-12-28
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Jones, Martin K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Xinyi;Lister, Diane L.;Jones, Martin K.
在植物的“驯化综合征”中，谷粒/种子大小的增加经常是一个关键因素。Zohary and Hopf 2000; Fuller et al. 2014）。然而，在其遍布欧亚大陆的背景下，世界上主要作物物种之一的粒度经历了大幅减少。在公元前5000年到公元前2000年之间，一些小麦品种（统称为自由小麦）的谷粒长度减少了约30%。为了理解和帮助解释这一趋势，我们从51个烧焦的小麦颗粒中获得了直接的放射性碳测量结果，并测量了数百个来自亚洲的小麦颗粒的尺寸，以确定尺寸缩小发生的时间和地点。我们的结果表明，向东/向南传播的步伐在公元前1800年左右被富勒和罗兰兹（2011年），但大约200-300年后在中国中东部恢复了速度，粒度减小。我们解释这一时期的积极作物选择，以适应烹饪的需要，并考虑它是否构成了一个独特的插曲，在驯化物种的遗传干预的一般特征的证据。(C)2016 Elsevier Ltd和INQUA。All rights reserved.
Increase in grain/seed size recurrently features as a key element in the 'domestication syndrome' of plants (cf. Zohary and Hopf 2000; Fuller et al. 2014). In the context of its spread across Eurasia, however, the grain size of one of the world's major crop species underwent a substantial reduction. Between the fifth and second millennia BC, the grain length in a number of species of Triticum, collectively known as free-threshing wheat, decreased by around 30%. In order to understand and help account for this trend, we have obtained direct radiocarbon measurements from 51 charred wheat grains and measured the dimensions of several hundred grains from Asia to establish when and where that size diminution occurred.Our results indicate that the pace of a eastward/southward spread was interrupted around 1800 BC on the borders of the distinct culinary zone recognized by Fuller and Rowlands (2011), but regained pace around 200-300 years later in central-east China with a diminished grain size. We interpret this as evidence of a period of active crop selection to suit culinary needs, and consider whether it constitutes a distinct episode in the general character of genetic intervention in domesticated species. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.