Optimal verification of the Bell state and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states in untrusted quantum networks

Optimal verification of the Bell state and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states in untrusted quantum networks
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不可信量子网络中贝尔态和格林伯格-霍恩-蔡林格态的最优验证

DOI:
10.1038/s41534-021-00499-8
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发表时间:
2021-11
影响因子:
7.6
通讯作者:
Huangjun Zhu
Huangjun Zhu
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yun-Guang Han;Zihao Li;Yukun Wang;Huangjun Zhu

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二部和多部纠缠态是构建量子网络的基本组成部分,它们的准确验证对网络的功能至关重要,特别是对于不可信网络。在这里,我们提出了一种简单的方法来验证一方不诚实的不可信网络中的贝尔状态。诚实的一方只需要当地的投影测量。事实证明,每个验证协议都与布洛赫球上的概率分布相关联,其性能具有直观的几何意义。这种几何图形使我们能够构建最优和最简单的验证协议,这对于检测不可信网络中的纠缠也非常有用。此外,我们表明,我们的验证协议可以实现与标准量子态验证协议几乎相同的样本效率。此外,我们在greenberger - horn - zeilinger状态的验证与Bell状态的验证之间建立了密切的联系。利用这种联系,我们构造了验证greenberger - horn - zeilinger态和检测真正的多方纠缠的最优协议。
Bipartite and multipartite entangled states are basic ingredients for constructing quantum networks and their accurate verification is crucial to the functioning of the networks, especially for untrusted networks. Here we propose a simple approach for verifying the Bell state in an untrusted network in which one party is not honest. Only local projective measurements are required for the honest party. It turns out each verification protocol is tied to a probability distribution on the Bloch sphere and its performance has an intuitive geometric meaning. This geometric picture enables us to construct the optimal and simplest verification protocols, which are also very useful to detecting entanglement in the untrusted network. Moreover, we show that our verification protocols can achieve almost the same sample efficiencies as protocols tailored to standard quantum state verification. Furthermore, we establish an intimate connection between the verification of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states and the verification of the Bell state. By virtue of this connection we construct the optimal protocol for verifying Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states and for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement.
计算量子网络中的经典节点
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