A Latitudinal Diversity Gradient in Terrestrial Bacteria of the Genus Streptomyces.
A Latitudinal Diversity Gradient in Terrestrial Bacteria of the Genus Streptomyces.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.02200-15
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发表时间：
2016-04-12
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Buckley DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andam CP;Doroghazi JR;Campbell AN;Kelly PJ;Choudoir MJ;Buckley DH
我们表明，在北美各地的土壤链霉菌speechography的影响，由于扩散限制和遗传漂变的微生物的区域多样化。链霉菌形成耐干燥的孢子，可以随风散布，从而可以有力地检验散布限制是否支配着陆地微生物多样性的格局。我们采用了一种具有高灵敏度的方法来确定遗传漂变的影响。具体而言，我们研究了遗传多样性和地理分布的生理相似的链霉菌菌株分离，但生态相似的栖息地。我们发现，链霉菌β多样性尺度与地理距离和β多样性和系统发育多样性表现在纬度多样性梯度。这种模式的链霉菌spaceography类似的模式，看到不同种类的植物和动物，因此，我们评估了这些数据的生态和进化的假设，提出解释纬度多样性梯度的背景下。这些数据与生态位保守性限制扩散的假设是一致的，历史上的冰川作用模式限制了高纬度地区物种形成的时间。最值得注意的是，高纬度的网站有较低的系统发育多样性，较高的系统发育聚类，并从低纬度的范围扩展的证据。此外，模式的β多样性分区相对于冰川历史的网站。因此，这些数据支持的假设，即现存的模式链霉菌spaceography已被驱动的历史模式的冰川作用，是由于人口范围扩大，分散的限制，和区域多样化，由于漂移。生物地理模式提供了对生物多样性的进化和生态过程的深入了解。然而，控制陆地微生物多样性的进化和生态过程仍然缺乏特征。我们评估了链霉菌属的细菌地理学，以表明陆地细菌的多样性受许多植物和动物物种多样性的许多相同过程的支配。虽然链霉菌属细菌是抗生素的主要来源，但它们的进化历史、生物地理学和生物多样性的特征仍然很差。我们所描述的观察提供了深入了解链霉菌生物多样性的驱动因素和陆地栖息地微生物多样化的基础过程。
We show that Streptomyces biogeography in soils across North America is influenced by the regional diversification of microorganisms due to dispersal limitation and genetic drift. Streptomyces spp. form desiccation-resistant spores, which can be dispersed on the wind, allowing for a strong test of whether dispersal limitation governs patterns of terrestrial microbial diversity. We employed an approach that has high sensitivity for determining the effects of genetic drift. Specifically, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogeography of physiologically similar Streptomyces strains isolated from geographically distributed yet ecologically similar habitats. We found that Streptomyces beta diversity scales with geographic distance and both beta diversity and phylogenetic diversity manifest in a latitudinal diversity gradient. This pattern of Streptomyces biogeography resembles patterns seen for diverse species of plants and animals, and we therefore evaluated these data in the context of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain latitudinal diversity gradients. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that niche conservatism limits dispersal, and historical patterns of glaciation have limited the time for speciation in higher-latitude sites. Most notably, higher-latitude sites have lower phylogenetic diversity, higher phylogenetic clustering, and evidence of range expansion from lower latitudes. In addition, patterns of beta diversity partition with respect to the glacial history of sites. Hence, the data support the hypothesis that extant patterns of Streptomyces biogeography have been driven by historical patterns of glaciation and are the result of demographic range expansion, dispersal limitation, and regional diversification due to drift. Biogeographic patterns provide insight into the evolutionary and ecological processes that govern biodiversity. However, the evolutionary and ecological processes that govern terrestrial microbial diversity remain poorly characterized. We evaluated the biogeography of the genus Streptomyces to show that the diversity of terrestrial bacteria is governed by many of the same processes that govern the diversity of many plant and animal species. While bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are a preeminent source of antibiotics, their evolutionary history, biogeography, and biodiversity remain poorly characterized. The observations we describe provide insight into the drivers of Streptomyces biodiversity and the processes that underlie microbial diversification in terrestrial habitats.