The role of echolocation in the hunting of terrestrial prey – new evidence for an underestimated strategy in the gleaning bat, Megaderma lyra
The role of echolocation in the hunting of terrestrial prey – new evidence for an underestimated strategy in the gleaning bat, Megaderma lyra
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回声定位在捕猎陆地猎物中的作用——新证据证明拾穗蝙蝠 Megaderma lyra 的策略被低估
DOI：
10.1007/s003590000151
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Pillat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Schmidt;S. Hanke;J. Pillat
抽象。观察到拾穗蝙蝠通过声音探测猎物，加上难以记录它们微弱的声纳叫声，一些作者得出结论，拾穗蝙蝠在某些狩猎情况下可能不会使用回声定位。特别是，它是澄清，回声定位中起不到任何作用的分类和跟踪猎物。在目前的研究中，我们表明，拾荒蝙蝠，大耳蝠，是能够找到沉默和静止的猎物在地面上。声纳捕捉各种陆地猎物的意义是建立在一个标准化的情况。声纳呼叫被发现在所有阶段，即方法，盘旋在猎物上方，并返回栖息地，每一个狩猎飞行。这些阶段之间的调用的谐波模式显着不同，调用三个或三个以上的突出组件在悬停期间占主导地位。蝙蝠识别猎物，并拒绝假人，而在他们上方盘旋。在此阶段，增加呼叫率和减少呼叫持续时间被发现。回声定位活动期间，和持续时间，悬停阶段依赖于猎物类型，特别是猎物的运动。声纳活动中的猎物依赖性变化，宽带呼叫结构，强调高次谐波，和系统的呼叫的峰值频率在悬停期间的移位，被讨论为适应识别猎物的声纳。
Abstract. The observation that gleaning bats detect prey by its noises, together with difficulties in recording their faint sonar calls, have led some authors to conclude that gleaning bats may not use echolocation in certain hunting situations. In particular, it is conjectured that echolocation plays no role in the classification and tracking of prey. In the present study, we show that the gleaning bat, Megaderma lyra, is able to find silent and motionless prey on the ground. The significance of sonar for catching a variety of terrestrial prey is established in a standardized situation. Sonar calls were found to be emitted during all stages, i.e. approach, hovering above the prey, and return to the roost, of every hunting flight. The harmonic pattern of the calls differed significantly between these stages, calls with three or more prominent components prevailing during hovering. Bats identified prey and rejected dummies while hovering above them. During this stage, increased call rates and reduced call durations were found. Echolocation activity during, and the duration of, the hovering phase depended on prey type, in particular on prey movement. The prey-dependent shifts in sonar activity, the broadband call structure with an emphasis on higher harmonics, and a systematic shift of the calls' peak frequencies during hovering, are discussed as adaptations to identifying prey by sonar.