The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet
The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11837
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发表时间：
2013-03-21
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Axelsson, Erik;Ratnakumar, Abhirami;Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
狗的驯化。是人类文明发展的一个重要插曲。这一事件的精确时间和地点存在争议(1-5)，而且人们对古代狼转变为家犬时发生的基因变化知之甚少。在这里，我们对狗和狼进行全基因组重新测序，以识别 380 万个遗传变异，用于识别可能代表狗驯化过程中选择目标的 36 个基因组区域。其中 19 个区域包含对大脑功能很重要的基因，其中 8 个属于神经系统发育途径，并且可能是狗驯化的核心行为变化的基础 (6)。在淀粉消化和脂肪代谢中起关键作用的十个基因也显示出选择信号。我们确定了关键基因中的候选突变，并为狗相对于狼的淀粉消化增加提供了功能支持。我们的研究结果表明，与狼的肉食性饮食相比，现代狗的早期祖先在富含淀粉的饮食中茁壮成长的新适应，构成了狗的早期驯化的关键一步。
The domestication of dogs. was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated(1-5) and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencimg of dogs and wolves to identify 3.8 million genetic variants used to identify 36 genomic regions that probably represent targets for selection during dog domestication. Nineteen of these regions contain genes important in brain function, eight of which belong to nervous system development pathways and potentially underlie behavioural changes central to dog domestication(6). Ten genes with key roles in starch digestion and fat metabolism also show signals of selection. We identify candidate mutations in key genes and provide functional support for an increased starch digestion in dogs relative to wolves. Our results indicate that novel adaptations allowing the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in the early domestication of dogs.