The Impact of Immigration on Wages, Internal Migration, and Welfare
The Impact of Immigration on Wages, Internal Migration, and Welfare
复制标题
移民对工资、内部移民和福利的影响
DOI：
10.1093/restud/rdaa029
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Suphanit Piyapromdee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suphanit Piyapromdee
本文研究了移民对工资、国内移民和福利的影响。利用美国人口普查数据，我估计了一个空间均衡模型，在该模型中，劳动力的技能水平、性别和出生地不同。工人在城市偏好上是不同的。城市的生产力水平、房价和便利设施各不相同。我使用估计模型来评估几种移民政策的分配后果。结果表明，技术选择性移民政策导致低技能工人的福利收益，但高技能工人的福利损失。这些负面影响在现有的高技能移民中更为显著。国内移徙缓解了最初的负面影响，特别是在住房供应缺乏弹性的城市。然而，对一些工人的负面工资影响加剧。这是因为，某一类型的工人向外迁移可能会提高该类型工人的本地工资，而降低具有互补特征的工人的本地工资。总体而言，在城市之间和城市内部，移民对福利的影响存在很大差异。此外，我使用该模型评估了墨西哥和美国之间的边境墙的福利效应。结果表明，潜在的好处明显小于建议的建设成本。
This article studies the impact of immigration on wages, internal migration, and welfare. Using U.S. Census data, I estimate a spatial equilibrium model where labour differs by skill level, gender, and nativity. Workers are heterogeneous in city preferences. Cities vary in productivity levels, housing prices, and amenities. I use the estimated model to assess the distributional consequences of several immigration policies. The results show that a skill selective immigration policy leads to welfare gains for low skill workers, but welfare losses for high skill workers. The negative impacts are more substantial among the incumbent high skill immigrants. Internal migration mitigates the initial negative impacts, particularity in cities where housing supplies are inelastic. However, the negative wage impacts on some workers intensify. This is because an out-migration of workers of a given type may raise the local wages for workers of that type, while reducing the local wages of workers with complementary characteristics. Overall, there are substantial variations in the welfare effects of immigration across and within cities. Further, I use the model to assess the welfare effects of the border wall between Mexico and the U.S. The results show that the potential benefits are significantly smaller than the proposed cost of construction.