Institutions for People with Disabilities in North America
Institutions for People with Disabilities in North America
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北美残疾人机构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Noll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Noll
北美的机构或庇护所是作为一种机制建立的，用于限制，控制和包含被归类为精神病患者或智力残疾的个人群体，并被定义为偏差，缺陷或犯罪。这些集合设施，建立既保护个人居住在那里，同时也保护社会免受这些人的伤害，发展成为大型建筑，旨在容纳数千名居民/病人/囚犯。在整个19世纪和20世纪中期，该机构迅速崛起的背后原因是现代医学和精神病学的发展。到20世纪50年代，机构容纳了数十万人。然而，到了21世纪初，这种制度模式在学术上已经失去了信誉，这些设施几乎被遗弃了。这种令人震惊的消亡反映了更广泛的社会，科学和医学趋势。
The institution or asylum in North America was established as a mechanism for confining, controlling, and containing groups of individuals classified and labeled as mentally ill or intellectually disabled and defined as deviant, defective, or delinquent. These congregate facilities, established both for the protection of the individuals housed there and for the simultaneous protection of society from those same people, developed into massive structures designed to accommodate thousands of residents/patients/inmates. The rationale behind the rapid rise of the institution throughout the nineteenth and into the mid-twentieth centuries paralleled the growth of modern medicine and psychiatry. By the 1950s, institutions housed hundreds of thousands of individuals. Yet by the start of the twenty-first century, the institutional model had been intellectually discredited, and these facilities had been all but abandoned. This rather astounding demise mirrored broader social, scientific, and medical trends.