What happens in a measurement
What happens in a measurement
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测量中会发生什么
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Weinberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Weinberg
假设在测量中所研究的系统与宏观测量装置相互作用，使得被测系统的密度矩阵根据 Lindblad 方程演化。在冯·诺依曼熵不递减的假设下，给出了该方程中出现的算子的条件，这些条件对于密度矩阵的后期限制采取适合测量的形式是必要且充分的。当满足这些条件时，可以显式求解 Lindblad 方程。发现该通解的后期极限中出现的概率符合玻恩规则，并且与 Lindblad 方程中算子的细节无关。
It is assumed that in a measurement the system under study interacts with a macroscopic measuring apparatus, in such a way that the density matrix of the measured system evolves according to the Lindblad equation. Under an assumption of non-decreasing von Neumann entropy, conditions on the operators appearing in this equation are given that are necessary and sufficient for the late-time limit of the density matrix to take the form appropriate for a measurement. Where these conditions are satisfied, the Lindblad equation can be solved explicitly. The probabilities appearing in the late-time limit of this general solution are found to agree with the Born rule, and are independent of the details of the operators in the Lindblad equation.