Seals and fisheries in the Clyde Sea area (Scotland): traditional knowledge informs science
Seals and fisheries in the Clyde Sea area (Scotland): traditional knowledge informs science
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-7836(03)00003-1
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Moore, PG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moore, PG
本文介绍了围绕苏格兰克莱德渔船队的两组利益相关者（拖网渔民和鱼架渔民）分发海豹/渔业互动调查问卷所获得的结果。总回报率为 30%，相当于 664 人年的传统知识。如今，克莱德海地区的大多数商业捕鱼以挪威龙虾（Nephropsnorvegicus）为目标，使用拖曳式（海螯虾拖网）或静态（诱饵鱼架）渔具。肾鱼拖网捕捞会产生白鲑副渔获物。所有在克莱德海地区捕鱼的受访者都表示，他们的捕鱼活动受到了海豹的干扰。灰海豹 (Halichoerus grypus) 和普通海豹 (Phoca vitulina) 都在当地出现，但大多数受访者没有区分它们。大多数拖网渔民报告称，海豹从网中夺走鱼并破坏了鱼。然而，只有 9% 的拖网渔民注意到渔具损坏，尽管 91% 的渔民报告在他们的渔具中捕获过海豹（偶尔或很少）。被拖网捕获的海豹大部分被打捞上来时已经死亡（确切的发生率未知）。百分之六十三的收到回复的鱼竿鱼报告称鱼受到损害并且鱼竿受到干扰。海豹可能会闯入或砸碎鱼架来偷走鱼饵，从而释放捕获物。人们认为与海豹的接触不会污染渔具。海豹似乎以拖网捕捞鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）和无须鳕（Merluccius merluccius）为目标，并且似乎选择较大的个体。鱼篓渔民强调对鱼腹部的损害，而拖网渔民则强调对尾部的损害。拖网渔民捕获的白鲑中有多达 10% 由于海豹受损而无法出售。密封件造成的损坏很容易与其他介质造成的损坏区分开来。罪魁祸首不仅仅是“流氓”海豹个体。通常，任何一位渔民都可能会遇到 9 至 12 只海豹（有时甚至多达 25 只），特别是在拖拽渔具时。参与调查的拖网渔民中有一半认为海豹对其生计构成“相当大”或“中等”威胁，但 45% 的人认为海豹是“次要”或“非”问题。过去 40 年来，当地灰海豹的数量无疑大幅增加。 86% 的拖网渔民支持某种形式的海豹扑杀（对比 14% 的反对者），约 45% 的拖网渔民支持将当地海豹数量减半。超过 60% 的受访者要求更严格地削减海豹数量，即削减 70% 以上。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
Results obtained from circulating a questionnaire on seal/fisheries interaction around two groups of stakeholders (trawlermen and creel fishers) from the Scottish Clyde fishing fleet are presented. An overall return rate of 30% was achieved representing 664 man-years of traditional knowledge. Nowadays, most commercial fishing in the Clyde Sea area targets Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus), using either towed (nephrops trawl) or static (baited creel) gear. Nephrops trawling generates a whitefish by-catch. All those respondents fishing within the confines of the Clyde Sea area reported experiencing seals interfering with their fishing activities. Both grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and common, or harbour, seals (Phoca vitulina) occur locally but most respondents did not distinguish between them. The majority of trawlermen reported seals taking fishes from nets and damaging fishes. Only 9% of trawlermen, however, noted gear damage in spite of 91% reporting capturing seals (occasionally or rarely) in their gear. Seals caught in trawls were mostly retrieved dead (exact incidence unknown). Sixty-three percent of creelers who responded reported both damage to fishes and interference with creels. Seals may break into, or smash, creels to steal the bait and in so doing liberate catches. Contact with seals was not thought to taint fishing gear. Seals seemed to target cod (Gadus morhua) and hake (Merluccius merluccius) in trawls and seemed to select the larger individuals. Creel fishers highlighted damage to the bellies of fishes whilst trawlermen stressed damage to the tails. As much as 10% of the whitefish caught by trawlermen was unsaleable due to seal damage. Damage caused by seals was readily distinguishable from damage caused by other agents. 'Rogue' individual seals were not solely to blame. Typically, 9-12 seals (even sometimes as many as 25) might be encountered by any one fisher, especially when gear was being hauled. Half the trawlermen who participated regarded seals as being either a 'considerable' or 'moderate' threat to their livelihoods but 45% regarded them as a 'minor' or 'non'-problem. Grey seal populations have undoubtedly increased considerably locally over the last 40 years. Eighty-six percent of trawlermen were in favour of some sort of seal cull (cf. 14% against), with some 45% of trawlermen in favour of halving seal numbers locally. Over 60% of creelers who responded were looking for even more stringent cut-backs in seal numbers, i.e. of more than 70%. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.