Maximizing realized yield by breeding for disease tolerance: A case study for Septoria tritici blotch
Maximizing realized yield by breeding for disease tolerance: A case study for Septoria tritici blotch
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通过抗病育种最大限度地提高产量：小麦斑枯病的案例研究
DOI：
10.1111/ppa.13509
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Van Den Bosch F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Den Bosch F
抗病品种在病害存在下保持产量。当疾病强度高时，与耐受性较差的品种相比，它们可以提高种植者的净回报。许多作者报告了一种权衡，即较高的完全保护产量与较低的疾病耐受性相关。我们分析了育种者的问题：在多大程度上，他们应该为宽容而育种时，它的妥协最大限度地充分保护产量？田间试验与147个后代从5个亲本杂交小麦被用来测量产量和耐受性的范围内的疾病强度从壳针孢菌斑点（STB;致病有机体Zymoseptoria trillium）在一系列的网站和季节。这些数据定义了育种者可以从中选择的这些性状的变异。一个简单的数据驱动的描述性模型用于计算耐受性和完全保护产量的组合，该组合使任何给定疾病水平的实际产量最大化-通过健康冠层面积持续时间损失（HAD损失）量化。该模型与英国HAD损失的年度间变化数据相结合，以计算耐受性和完全保护产量，使平均实际产量最大化。我们发现，即使当一个有效的杀菌剂处理程序应用，育种耐受性增加平均实际产量。发现一些市售品种具有一定的耐受性水平，导致在存在病害的情况下产量接近最高产量，其他品种具有较低的耐受性，导致次优产量。
Disease‐tolerant cultivars maintain yield in the presence of disease. When disease intensity is high, they can improve a grower's net return compared to less tolerant cultivars. Many authors report a trade‐off, whereby higher fully protected yields are correlated with a lower disease tolerance. We analyse the question for breeders: to what extent should they breed for tolerance when it compromises maximizing fully protected yield? Field trials with 147 progeny from five parental crosses of wheat were used to measure yield and tolerance under a range of disease intensities from Septoria tritici blotch (STB; causal organismZymoseptoria tritici) at a range of sites and seasons. The data define the variation for these traits from which breeders can select. A simple data‐driven descriptive model was used to calculate the combination of tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes actual yield for any given level of disease—quantified by loss of healthy canopy area duration (HAD‐loss). This model was combined with data on the year‐to‐year variability of HAD‐loss in the UK to calculate the tolerance and fully protected yield that maximizes the mean actual yield. We found that even when an effective fungicide treatment programme is applied, breeding for tolerance increases the mean actual yield. Some commercially available cultivars were found to have a level of tolerance that leads to yields close to the maximum yield in the presence of disease, others had a lower tolerance leading to suboptimal yields.