Fatal nontraffic injuries involving alcohol: A metaanalysis
Fatal nontraffic injuries involving alcohol: A metaanalysis
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DOI：
10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70195-2
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Miller, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, GS;Branas, CC;Miller, TR
研究目的：对酒精造成致命伤害的估计差异很大。对于除机动车辆以外的伤害，没有国家数据，区域数据的质量也有限。本研究综合了美国法医对非交通死亡人数的研究，目的是根据伤害机制和意图来估计酒精参与情况。方法：我们回顾了 1975 年至 1995 年间发表的 331 项法医研究报告的非交通伤害死亡人数。这些研究是通过计算机化的书目数据库以及从 26 种评论出版物和 7 种著名期刊的主题索引中手工检索参考文献列表来确定的。最终共有 65 篇文章 (19.6%) 符合我们的分析纳入标准。采用全国机动车死亡数据进行比较。结果：共统计非故意伤害死亡7,459例、他杀28,696例、自杀19,347例。血液酒精浓度（BAC）测试的总百分比在他杀案件中最高（88.2%），其次是非故意伤害死亡案件（84.0%）和自杀案件（81.7%）。被确定为中毒（BAC，大于或等于 100 mg/dL）的总百分比在他杀案件中最高（31.5%），其次是非故意伤害死亡（31.0%）和自杀案件（22.7%）。平均值和中位数比较产生了可比较的结果。 65 篇文章中只有不到四分之一报告了特定性别和年龄的比率。致命非交通伤害的性别和年龄特定比率报告不一致，阻碍了他们对死因的分析。然而，致命受伤的机动车驾驶员在饮酒后因年龄和性别的不同而表现出明显的差异。 结论：这项荟萃分析是首次系统地尝试在国家层面估计酒精导致的致命非交通伤害。它表明酒精是许多致命伤害的一个重要因素，而且其重要性因伤害原因而异。
Study objective: Estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal injuries vary widely. For injuries other than those involving motor vehicles, no national data exist and the quality of regional data is limited. This study synthesizes US medical examiner studies of nontraffic fatalities for the purpose of estimating alcohol involvement by injury mechanism and intent.Methods: We reviewed 331 medical examiner studies published between 1975 and 1995 that reported nontraffic injury fatalities. These studies were identified from computerized bibliographic databases and by hand searching of reference lists from 26 review publications and the subject indices of 7 prominent journals. A final total of 65 articles (19.6%) met our inclusion criteria for analysis. National data on motor vehicle fatalities were used for comparison.Results: A total of 7,459 unintentional injury deaths, 28,696 homicide cases, and 19,347 suicide cases were aggregated. The aggregate percentage tested for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was highest among homicide cases (88.2%), followed by unintentional injury deaths (84.0%) and suicide cases (81.7%). The aggregate percentage determined to be intoxicated (BAC, greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL) was highest among homicide cases (31.5%), followed by unintentional injury deaths (31.0%) and suicide cases (22.7%). Mean and median comparisons produced comparable findings. Fewer than one quarter of the 65 articles reported gender- and age-specific rates. Inconsistent reporting of gender and age-specific rates in fatal nontraffic injuries prevented their analysis by cause of death. Fatally injured motor vehicle drivers, however, demonstrated distinct variation in alcohol involvement by age and gender.Conclusion: This metaanalysis is the first systematic attempt to estimate alcohol involvement in fatal nontraffic injuries at the national level. it demonstrates that alcohol is an important factor in many fatal injuries and that its importance varies by cause of injury.