Plastics recycling worldwide: current overview and desirable changes
Plastics recycling worldwide: current overview and desirable changes
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全球塑料回收：当前概述和理想的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Woldemar d’Ambrières
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Woldemar d’Ambrières
塑料是世界上使用最多的材料之一。技术先进，重量轻，价格便宜，塑料适合广泛的用途。塑料的问题并不在于它的使用方式，因为它通常是无害的，而在于由它制成的产品的报废管理。自1950年以来，近一半的塑料最终被填埋或倾倒在野外，只有9%的废旧塑料得到了充分的回收利用。据估计，每年有400万至1200万公吨的塑料废物最终进入海洋。塑料废物的处理方式在不同国家之间仍然存在很大差异，回收利用仍然严重不足。一方面，发达经济体的法规鼓励回收利用率约为30%。另一方面，工业基础薄弱的发展中经济体的回收率接近0%。然而，回收利用是处理塑料废物的最佳解决方案，因为它限制了对环境的影响，并产生了重大的社会经济效益。然而，在塑料生命周期的每个阶段，回收利用的发展仍然存在大量障碍。通过采取措施促进回收，塑料产品制造商、监管机构、废物管理者和消费者都可以对回收部门的发展产生重大影响。
Plastic is one of the world’s most-used materials. Technically sophisticated, lightweight and cheap, plastics suit a broad spectrum of uses. The problem with plastic lies not in how it is used, which is generally harmless, but in end-of-life management of products made from it. Since 1950, close to half of all plastic has ended up in landfill or dumped in the wild, and only 9% of used plastic has been adequately recycled. Every year, it is estimated that 4 to 12 million metric tons of plastic waste ends up in the oceans. How plastic waste is processed remains extremely variable from country to country, and recycling remains considerably under-used. On the one hand, developed economies with regulations that encourage it have recycling rates around 30%. On the other hand, developing economies with a minimal industrial base have recycling rates close to 0%. And yet recycling is the best solution for processing plastic waste because it limits environmental impact and generates significant socioeconomic gains. However, at every stage of the plastic life cycle, there remain a large number of impediments to the development of recycling. By taking steps to promote recycling, manufacturers of plastic products, regulators, waste managers and consumers can all exert significant influence on the development of the recycling sector.