Ameliorating cold stress in a hot climate: Effect of Winter Storm Uri on residents of subsidized housing neighborhoods
Ameliorating cold stress in a hot climate: Effect of Winter Storm Uri on residents of subsidized housing neighborhoods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108646
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Xiaoyu Li;Yue Zhang;Dongying Li;Yangyang Xu;Robert D. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaoyu Li;Yue Zhang;Dongying Li;Yangyang Xu;Robert D. Brown
全球气候变化增加了与极端天气有关的灾害的风险，导致严重的公共卫生负担。二零二一年二月，冬季风暴尤里为美国南部带来严寒，并引发前所未有的健康及安全问题。在这样的寒冷风暴中，补贴出租房屋的居民是最容易受到寒冷压力的人。然而，现有的研究评估和缓解冷应力在服务不足的社区在温暖的气候区是有限的，这导致了冷事件的准备和缓解政策的忽视。因此，本研究旨在评估2021年冬季风暴期间补贴住房社区的微气象条件和人类冷应激，并确定冷缓解防风林设计在减少冷应激方面的有效程度。通过野外观测、气象模拟和生物气象学计算，对风暴期间的小气候条件和冷胁迫进行了重建，并对3种不同密度的防寒防风林设计进行了评价。结果显示，在一天的大部分时间里，这些条件被归类为“极端寒冷应激”，但尤其是在夜间。靠近建筑物的地区普遍较温暖，建筑物的挡风效果随着与建筑物距离的增加而下降。适度密集的树叶防风林是最有效的降低风速和改善热舒适。有意改变风速的环境改造和在停电期间提供紧急衣物供应的救灾计划可能对这些服务不足的社区有益。
Global climate change has increased the risks of extreme weather-related disasters, leading to severe public health burdens. In February 2021, Winter Storm Uri brought severe cold to southern United States and caused unprecedented health and safety concerns. Residents in subsidized rental housing were among the most vulnerable to cold stress during such a cold storm. However, existing research on the assessment and mitigation of cold stress in underserved neighborhoods in warmer climate zones is limited, which results in the negligence of cold event preparedness and mitigation policies. Therefore, this study aims to assess the micrometeorological conditions and human cold stress in subsidized housing neighborhoods during the 2021 Winter Storm and determine the extent to which cold mitigation windbreak designs are effective in reducing cold stress. Field measurements, ENVI-met simulations, and biometeorological calculations were conducted to reconstruct the microclimate conditions and cold stress during the storm, and three cold-mitigation windbreak designs with varying foliage densities were evaluated. Results showed that the conditions were categorized as “extreme cold stress” for the majority of the day, but especially during nighttime. Areas close to the buildings were generally warmer, and the wind-blocking effects of a building decreased as the distance to the building increased. A moderately dense-foliage windbreak was the most effective in reducing wind speed and improving thermal comfort. Intentional environmental modifications to alter wind velocity and disaster relief programs that provide emergency clothing supplies during power outage may be beneficial to these underserved communities.