The evolution of relevance.
The evolution of relevance.
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相关性的演变。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01095.x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Scott-Phillips TC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Scott-Phillips TC
在人类语言中，相同的话语在不同的语境中可以有不同的含义。然而，听众几乎总是集中在正确的原意上。经典的格里斯主义解释这是如何实现的，假设存在四条对话准则，说话者被假定遵循这四条准则。有了这些知识，听者就能够以一种对语境敏感的方式解读话语。这一说法得到了广泛的认可，但也并非没有受到质疑。具体地说，关联理论对话语解释提出了明确的认知解释，这对新格里斯主义范式提出了根本的挑战。进化考量是我们可以在相互竞争的理论之间做出选择的一种方式。提出了一个简单的通信演化的博弈论模型，并用它来推导出所有演化的通信系统都将满足的一些基本性质。这些特点被用来准确预测关联理论的基本原则。因此，该模型总体上为该企业提供了生物学支持，并特别为它所描述的认知机制的合理性提供了支持。
With human language, the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts. Nevertheless, listeners almost invariably converge upon the correct intended meaning. The classic Gricean explanation of how this is achieved posits the existence of four maxims of conversation, which speakers are assumed to follow. Armed with this knowledge, listeners are able to interpret utterances in a contextually sensible way. This account enjoys wide acceptance, but it has not gone unchallenged. Specifically, Relevance Theory offers an explicitly cognitive account of utterance interpretation that presents a radical challenge to the neo‐Gricean paradigm. Evolutionary considerations are one way in which we can choose between competing theories. A simple game‐theoretic model of the evolution of communication is presented, and it is used to derive a number of basic qualities that will be satisfied by all evolved communication systems. These qualities are observed to precisely predict the foundational principles of Relevance Theory. The model thus provides biological support for that enterprise in general, and for the plausibility of the cognitive mechanisms that it describes in particular.