Managed honey bee colony losses in Canada, China, Europe, Israel and Turkey, for the winters of 2008-9 and 2009-10
Managed honey bee colony losses in Canada, China, Europe, Israel and Turkey, for the winters of 2008-9 and 2009-10
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DOI：
10.3896/ibra.1.51.1.12
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Wilkins, Selwyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van der Zee, Romee;Pisa, Lennard;Wilkins, Selwyn
2008年，COLOSS网络由来自欧洲和美国的蜜蜂专家组成。这个科学网络的主要目标是解释和防止蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）群体的大规模损失。2008年6月，COLOSS获得了COST欧盟为期四年的支持，并被指定为COST Action FA 0803- COLOSS（防止蜜蜂COLONY LOSSes）。为了能够比较参与国之间的损失数据，编制了一份标准化的COLOSS调查表。利用这一调查表，两年来收集了关于蜜蜂损失的信息。本研究报告中的调查数据是2009年从12个国家收集的，2010年从24个国家收集的。欧洲蜜蜂的平均损失变化很大，2008-9年冬季为7-22%，2009-10年冬季为7-30%。一个重要的发现是，对于所有参与2008- 2009年的国家来说，2009- 2010年的冬季损失要高得多。在2009-10年，东南欧的冬季损失处于如此低的水平，以至于导致欧洲其他地区损失的因素不存在，或者处于不影响殖民地生存的水平。2009-10年纳入的中国五个省份的平均A值非常低（4%）。意大利冬季损失在加拿大的六个省，2010年冬季的平均损失在16- 25%之间，新斯科舍省的损失（40%）特别高。在大多数国家和两个监测年度，业余养蜂人（1-50个蜂群）的损失高于中级养蜂业从业者（51-500个蜂群）。在2009- 2010年也观察到养蜂规模与损失影响程度之间的这种关系，但不太明显。在比利时、意大利、荷兰和波兰，2008- 2009年报告“消失”蜂群的养蜂人冬季损失的平均值明显高于没有报告“消失”蜂群的养蜂人冬季损失的平均值。平均2008年至2009年冬季损失的养蜂人在荷兰谁报告的症状类似于“蜂群衰竭失调症”（CCD），即：1。蜂巢内或周围无死蜂; 2.有帽的育雏存在，显着高于平均冬季损失的养蜂人谁报告'消失'殖民地没有出现在空蜂箱有帽的育雏。在2009-10年冬季，在大多数参与国家，报告“消失”蜂群的养蜂人与经历冬季损失但没有报告“消失”蜂群的养蜂人相比，经历了更高的冬季损失。
In 2008 the COLOSS network was formed by honey bee experts from Europe and the USA. The primary objectives set by this scientific network were to explain and to prevent large scale losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. In June 2008 COLOSS obtained four years support from the European Union from COST and was designated as COST Action FA0803 - COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes). To enable the comparison of loss data between participating countries, a standardized COLOSS questionnaire was developed. Using this questionnaire information on honey bee losses has been collected over two years. Survey data presented in this study were gathered in 2009 from 12 countries and in 2010 from 24 countries. Mean honey bee losses in Europe varied widely, between 7-22% over the 2008-9 winter and between 7-30% over the 2009-10 winter. An important finding is that for all countries which participated in 2008-9, winter losses in 2009-10 were found to be substantially higher. In 2009-10, winter losses in South East Europe were at such a low level that the factors causing the losses in other parts of Europe were absent, or at a level which did not affect colony survival. The five provinces of China, which were included in 2009-10, showed very low mean (4%) A. mellifera winter losses. In six Canadian provinces, mean winter losses in 2010 varied between 16-25%, losses in Nova Scotia (40%) being exceptionally high. In most countries and in both monitoring years, hobbyist beekeepers (1-50 colonies) experienced higher losses than practitioners with intermediate beekeeping operations (51-500 colonies). This relationship between scale of beekeeping and extent of losses effect was also observed in 2009-10, but was less pronounced. In Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland, 2008-9 mean winter losses for beekeepers who reported 'disappeared' colonies were significantly higher compared to mean winter losses of beekeepers who did not report 'disappeared' colonies. Mean 2008-9 winter losses for those beekeepers in the Netherlands who reported symptoms similar to "Colony Collapse Disorder" (CCD), namely: 1. no dead bees in or surrounding the hive while; 2. capped brood was present, were significantly higher than mean winter losses for those beekeepers who reported 'disappeared' colonies without the presence of capped brood in the empty hives. In the winter of 2009-10 in the majority of participating countries, beekeepers who reported 'disappeared' colonies experienced higher winter losses compared with beekeepers, who experienced winter losses but did not report 'disappeared' colonies.