Gender identity and sexual orientation in autism spectrum disorder
Gender identity and sexual orientation in autism spectrum disorder
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自闭症谱系障碍的性别认同和性取向
DOI：
10.1177/1362361317714587
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Stokes, Mark A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George, Rita;Stokes, Mark A.
临床印象表明，在自闭症谱系障碍中，性别焦虑的比例过高。然而，目前对自闭症谱系障碍的性别认同问题的人口统计学知之甚少。基于我们所知甚少的情况，我们假设与典型的发展中人群相比，自闭症谱系障碍患者的性别焦虑患病率会增加。我们使用性别认同/性别焦虑问卷对90名患有自闭症谱系障碍的男性和219名女性进行了性别焦虑调查，并将这些比例与103名男性和158名没有自闭症谱系障碍的女性进行了比较。与正常发育的个体相比，自闭症个体报告了更多的性别焦虑特征。自闭症谱系障碍组的性别焦虑发生率明显高于更广泛人群的报告。中介分析发现，自闭症特质与性取向之间的关系是由性别焦虑特质中介的。结果表明，自闭症谱系障碍提出了一个独特的经验，形成和巩固的性别认同，并为一些自闭症患者，他们的性取向与他们的性别经验。重要的是，与自闭症谱系障碍合作的临床医生意识到这一人群的性别多样性，以便为健康的社会性功能和心理健康提供必要的支持。
Clinical impressions indicate that there is an overrepresentation of gender-dysphoria within the autism spectrum disorder. However, little is presently known about the demographics of gender-identity issues in autism spectrum disorder. Based upon what little is known, we hypothesized that there would be an increased prevalence of gender-dysphoria among those with autism spectrum disorder compared to a typically developing population. We surveyed gender-dysphoria with the Gender-Identity/Gender-Dysphoria Questionnaire among 90 males and 219 females with autism spectrum disorder and compared these rates to those of 103 males and 158 females without autism spectrum disorder. When compared to typically developing individuals, autistic individuals reported a higher number of gender-dysphoric traits. Rates of gender-dysphoria in the group with autism spectrum disorder were significantly higher than reported in the wider population. Mediation analysis found that the relationship between autistic traits and sexual orientation was mediated by gender-dysphoric traits. Results suggest that autism spectrum disorder presents a unique experience to the formation and consolidation of gender identity, and for some autistic individuals, their sexual orientation relates to their gender experience. It is important that clinicians working with autism spectrum disorder are aware of the gender-diversity in this population so that the necessary support for healthy socio-sexual functioning and mental well-being is provided.