MOF-derived nanohybrids for electrocatalysis and energy storage: current status and perspectives.
MOF-derived nanohybrids for electrocatalysis and energy storage: current status and perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1039/c8cc00789f
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hong Zhang;Ximeng Liu;Yue Wu;C. Guan;A. Cheetham;John Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hong Zhang;Ximeng Liu;Yue Wu;C. Guan;A. Cheetham;John Wang
迄今为止，已经报道了超过20000种具有不同金属离子/中心和有机连接体组合的MOF，并且它们可以生长成各种3D，2D，1D和0 D形态。在从原子尺度到体结构的不同长度尺度上控制的灵活性允许获得几乎无穷无尽的各种基于MOF和MOF衍生的材料。事实上，MOFs本身已经被研究为一类有用的功能材料。更值得注意的是，近年来进行的广泛研究表明，MOFs是非常好的前体，用于各种各样的纳米杂化物，作为电催化和储能的活性材料。由于它们已经含有碳和分散良好的金属原子，因此可以通过适当的热解将MOFs转化为用活性金属物质和掺杂元素修饰的导电碳。由于MOFs的组成、结构和形态具有很大的多样性，几种类型的MOFs衍生的纳米杂化物现在是各种能量转换和存储设备中的电催化剂和电极的最佳性能材料之一。除了掺杂和未掺杂的介孔纳米碳、碳-金属纳米杂化物和碳-化合物纳米杂化物之外，最近还从MOFs开发了几种类型的核@壳、包封纳米结构、嵌入纳米系统和异质结构。它们可以制成独立的形式，纳米或微米粉末，生长在适当的导电基底上，或与其他活性材料组装在一起。在M0 F到活性材料的转化过程中，其他活性物质或前体可以插入到M0 F衍生的纳米结构中或组装在表面上，从而产生独特的新多孔纳米结构。这些用于电催化和能量存储的MOF衍生的活性材料是由多个功能组分组成的纳米混合物，这些功能组分以所需的长度尺度故意集成在一起，以大大提高性能。本文综述了这些纳米杂化材料的现状，并对MOF衍生的功能材料的未来进行了简要的展望。
More than 20 000 MOFs have been reported to date, with different combinations of metal ions/centers and organic linkers, and they can be grown into various 3D, 2D, 1D and 0D morphologies. The flexibility in control over varying length scales from atomic scale up to bulk structure allows access to an almost endless variety of MOF-based and MOF-derived materials. Indeed, MOFs themselves have been studied as a class of useful functional materials. More remarkably, extensive research conducted in recent years has shown that MOFs are exceptionally good precursors for a large variety of nanohybrids as active materials in both electrocatalysis and energy storage. As they already contain both carbon and well-dispersed metal atoms, MOFs can be converted to conductive carbons decorated with active metal species and doping elements through appropriate pyrolysis. Due to the great diversity accessible in the composition, structure, and morphology of MOFs, several types of MOF-derived nanohybrids are now among the best performing materials both for electrocatalysts and electrodes in various energy conversion and storage devices. In addition to mesoporous nano-carbons, both doped and undoped, carbon-metal nanohybrids, and carbon-compound nanohybrids, there are several types of core@shell, encapsulated nanostructures, embedded nanosystems and heterostructures that have been developed from MOFs recently. They can be made in either free-standing forms, nano- or micro-powders, grown on appropriate conducting substrates, or assembled together with other active materials. During the MOF to active material conversion, other active species or precursors can be inserted into the MOF-derived nanostructures or assembled on surfaces, leading to uniquely new porous nanostructures. These MOF-derived active materials for electrocatalysis and energy storage are nanohybrids consisting of more than functional components that are purposely integrated together at desired length scales for much-improved performance. This article reviews the current status of these nanohybrids and concludes with a brief perspective on the future of MOF-derived functional materials.