Skill ontogeny among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists.
Skill ontogeny among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists.
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Tsimane 采集者园艺师的技能个体发育。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22757
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hooper,PaulL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schniter,Eric;Gurven,Michael;Kaplan,HillardS;Wilcox,NathanielT;Hooper,PaulL
我们调查了慈姑园艺师报告的技能发展的年龄分布是否与生活史理论关于生产力和生殖时间的预测一致。以前对觅食技能发展的研究往往集中在少数能力(例如狩猎)上，而忽略了觅食经济中典型的广泛的技能和服务(例如儿童保育、手工制作、音乐表演、讲故事)。材料和方法通过系统地检查报告的获取、熟练程度和广泛活动中的专业知识的年龄模式，包括食物生产、儿童保育和其他服务，我们提供了迄今为止最完整的传统生存社会的技能发展研究。结果表明：(1)大多数基本技能是在第一次繁殖之前获得的，然后进一步发展，使它们的生产性回报满足成年后依赖的后代日益增长的需求；(2)由于产后成年人的年龄超过了早年的巅峰表现，他们报告说，他们发展了更多的概念和程序熟练程度，尽管他们的身体比年轻人更虚弱，但他们被一致认为是最专业的(特别是在音乐和讲故事方面)，这与他们作为提供者和教育者的角色是一致的。我们发现，成年人对自己的技能和技能水平有准确的理解--这是社会交流、比较、学习和教学的重要意识。讨论这些发现通过说明有形资本和从属后代的需求的变化如何预测在觅食-园艺经济中互补技能和服务的发展，扩展了我们对人类进化历史的理解。Am J Phys Anthropol158：3-18,2015。©2015 Wiley期刊，Inc.
ObjectivesWe investigate whether age profiles of Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists' reported skill development are consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing of productivity and reproduction. Previous studies of forager skill development have often focused on a few abilities (e.g. hunting), and neglected the broad range of skills and services typical of forager economies (e.g. childcare, craft production, music performance, story‐telling).Materials and MethodsBy systematically examining age patterns in reported acquisition, proficiency, and expertise across a broad range of activities including food production, childcare, and other services, we provide the most complete skill development study of a traditional subsistence society to date.ResultsOur results show that: (1) most essential skills are acquired prior to first reproduction, then developed further so that their productive returns meet the increasing demands of dependent offspring during adulthood; (2) as postreproductive adults age beyond earlier years of peak performance, they report developing additional conceptual and procedural proficiency, and despite greater physical frailty than younger adults, are consensually regarded as the most expert (especially in music and storytelling), consistent with their roles as providers and educators. We find that adults have accurate understandings of their skillsets and skill levels –an important awareness for social exchange, comparison, learning, and pedagogy.DiscussionThese findings extend our understanding of the evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring predict the development of complementary skills and services in a forager‐horticulturalist economy. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:3–18, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.