Are herbicide mixtures unaffected by resistance? A case study with Lolium rigidum
Are herbicide mixtures unaffected by resistance? A case study with Lolium rigidum
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DOI：
10.1111/wre.12453
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发表时间：
2020-11-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Beckie, Hugh J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busi, Roberto;Beckie, Hugh J.
高德病。是一种侵害冬季田间作物的杂草，已经进化出对大多数除草剂作用方式的抗性。本研究对14种除草剂处理下的140个田间居群进行了筛选。出苗期前（PRE）、出苗期后（POST）和二元除草剂混合物推荐标记剂量下，当植株成活率为>= 6%时，认为存在除草剂抗性。所有群体对4种乙酰辅酶a羧化酶（ACCase） POST除草剂的平均存活率约为15%，表明具有较强的抗性。相比之下，PRE处理的平均存活率仅为2%，反映了对刚性乳杆菌的有效控制。混合除草剂是最有效的处理，其抗性频率显著低于单独除草剂。例如，只有12%的测试样品对氯虫啶+丁虫啶的混合物有抗性，而对丁虫啶或氯虫啶的混合物分别有40%和61%的抗性。同样，8%的样本对氟虫灵+灭虫威的混合物耐药，而灭虫威和灭虫威的耐药频率分别为36%和51%。令人惊讶的是，三氟灵+三丙酸盐或吡唑砜+三丙酸盐的二元混合物不受耐药性的影响（目前），因为它们比任何一种单独使用的除草剂都更有效。因此，混合除草剂可以延缓抗性的发生，并减轻现有的除草剂抗性和交叉抗性水平。对大量田间种群进行系统筛选可以确定最（成本）有效的除草剂混合物，并促进它们在农场的明智采用，以减轻杂草抗性的快速演变，而不是专家假设或建模模拟。
Lolium rigidum Gaud., a grass weed species infesting winter field crops, has evolved resistance to the largest number of herbicide modes of action. In this study, 140 field populations of L. rigidum were screened with 14 herbicide treatments. Herbicide resistance at the recommended label dosage of pre-emergence (PRE), post-emergence (POST) and binary herbicide mixtures was considered present when plant survival was >= 6%. Plant survival to four acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) POST herbicides averaged across all populations was approximately 15%, indicating substantial herbicide resistance. In contrast, the mean survival to the PRE treatments was only 2%, reflecting effective control of L. rigidum. Herbicide mixtures were the most effective treatments, with a significantly lower resistance frequency than stand-alone herbicides. For example, only 12% of the tested samples were resistant to the mixture of clethodim + butroxydim in comparison with 40% and 61% to either butroxydim or clethodim, respectively. Similarly, 8% of the samples were resistant to the mixture of trifluralin + prosulfocarb versus a much greater frequency of 36% and 51% resistance to prosulfocarb and trifluralin, respectively. Surprisingly, the binary mixtures of trifluralin + triallate or pyroxasulfone + triallate are not affected by resistance (presently) due to the greater efficacy than that of either stand-alone herbicide. Thus, herbicide mixtures can delay the onset of resistance and mitigate the existing levels of herbicide resistance and cross-resistance in L. rigidum. Systematic screenings of a large number of field populations could identify the most (cost-) effective herbicide mixtures and foster their informed adoption on farm to mitigate the rapid evolution of weed resistance in lieu of expert assumptions or modelling simulations.