Commands, Competence, and Carino: Maternal Socialization Practices in Mexican American Families
Commands, Competence, and Carino: Maternal Socialization Practices in Mexican American Families
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DOI：
10.1037/a0018016
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Mireles, Laurie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Livas-Dlott, Alejandra;Fuller, Bruce;Mireles, Laurie
关于拉丁裔儿童社会化的早期研究表明，与盎格鲁母亲强调的横向推理（权威）策略相比，母亲实行独裁做法。这项工作的目的是对与母亲的个性而不是文化背景有关的固定类型的养育方式进行分类；它常常忽视合规尝试中出现的情感温暖或严厉，并依赖于访谈问题而不是自然观察。我们根据生态文化理论来观察墨西哥裔美国母亲试图纠正幼儿行为或鼓励完成任务（服从尝试）的日常家庭活动。我们观察了 24 位第一代或第二代母亲及其 4 岁的孩子，并分析了 1,477 次合规尝试的活动背景和多种形式。母亲们通常会通过直接的口头命令来试图获得服从。许多命令将命令与其他合规策略混合在一起，而不是重复简单的行为。根据 Crockenberg 和 Litman (1990) 对可变顺从策略的区分，我们发现大多数母亲依赖于低权力断言方法，包括口头命令，而不是涉及推理的归纳策略。很少有合规事件会引发高权力自信或严厉的策略。对口头命令的依赖程度和母亲指令的复杂性似乎与她们的教育和文化适应水平有关。
Early research on the socialization of Latino children has posited that mothers exercise authoritarian practices, compared with lateral reasoning (authoritative) strategies emphasized by Anglo mothers. This work aimed to categorize fixed types of parenting practices tied to the mother's personality rather than to culturally bounded contexts; it often ignored the emotional warmth or harshness present in compliance attempts and relied on interview questions rather than naturalistic observation. We built from ecocultural theory to observe daily home activities in which Mexican American mothers attempted to correct their young child's behavior or encourage completion of a task (compliance attempt). We observed 24 first- or second-generation mothers and their 4-year-old children and analyzed the activity contexts and multiple forms of 1,477 compliance attempts. Mothers typically led with direct verbal commands in their attempt to achieve compliance. Many blended commands with other compliance strategies, rather than repeating simple behaviors. Drawing on Crockenberg and Litman's (1990) differentiation of variable compliance strategies, we find that most mothers relied on low power-assertive methods, including verbal commands, rather than inductive strategies that involved reasoning. Few compliance episodes prompted high power-assertive or harsh strategies. The degree of reliance on verbal commands and the complexity of mothers' repertoires appear to be related to their education and acculturation levels.