Material use and material efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean
Material use and material efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.06.015
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
J. West;H. Schandl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. West;H. Schandl
近几十年来，世界不同区域的自然资源利用轨迹非常不同。拉丁美洲走的是一条主要依靠初级资源出口的发展道路。采用这条道路具有独特的环境和社会影响。在本文中，我们首次对该地区的材料使用和材料效率进行了广泛的估计，从1970年开始，一直持续到2008年全球金融危机爆发。结果显示，该地区的初级材料消费迅速增长，同时在将这些资源转化为国民收入方面的效率也在下降。使用IPAT框架，我们发现人口增长和人均收入的增加对材料使用的增长做出了相当的贡献，而反映在材料强度上的技术变革并没有减缓消费。在整个区域观察到的材料强度增加，在大多数个别国家也观察到。这与世界其他一些区域形成对比，并意味着拉丁美洲和加勒比的许多国家在扩大其采掘业以利用世界其他区域的新需求，同时满足其本国工业转型和城市化的需要时，将面临比预期更大的环境压力。
Different world regions have followed very different trajectories for natural resources use over the recent decades. Latin America has pursued a development path based largely on exports of primary resources. Adopting this path has characteristic environmental and social impacts. In this paper, we provide the first broad based estimate of material use and material efficiency for the region, beginning in 1970 and extending to the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. The results show a region with rapidly growing primary materials consumption, which is simultaneously becoming less efficient at converting those resources into national income. Using an IPAT framework, we found that population growth and rising per-capita incomes made comparable contributions to growing material use, while technological change as reflected in material intensity, did not moderate consumption. Increasing materials intensity, observed for the region as a whole, is also observed for most individual countries. This contrasts with some other world regions, and implies that many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean will confront higher environmental pressures than expected when expanding their extractive industries to take advantage of new demand from other world regions, while simultaneously supplying the requirements for their own domestic industrial transformations and urbanization.