The detailed age trajectory of oral vocabulary knowledge: differences by class and race
The detailed age trajectory of oral vocabulary knowledge: differences by class and race
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssresearch.2003.08.001
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Beron, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farkas, G;Beron, K
来自NLSY79儿童(CNLSY)的数据被汇集在一起，跨越1986-2000年的调查波次，以提供异常大的样本量，以及许多儿童在不同时间点的两个或更多观察，记录在36至156个月之间的单个月。我们将各种多层次增长模型与这些数据相吻合。我们发现，到36个月龄时，大的净社会阶层和黑白词汇知识差距已经出现。到60个月大的时候，也就是幼儿园通常开始的时候，黑人和白人的词汇差距接近维持到13岁的水平。36个月的净社会阶层差异也很大。对于白人来说，自那以后，这一比例就不再扩大。对于黑人来说，他们在60个月大之前会变宽，然后就会停止变宽。我们认为这些词汇差异是已实现的结果，并发现母亲的词汇知识和家庭认知支持只能很好地解释这些差异。我们的结论是，分层研究和项目干预应该把更多的精力放在从出生到三岁时刺激口语发展的照顾者行为上，当词汇知识中的阶级和种族差距出现并具有接近其最终形式的价值时。(C)2003 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Data from the Children of the NLSY79 (CNLSY) are pooled together across survey waves, 1986-2000, to provide an unusually large sample size, as well as two or more observations at different time points for many children, recorded at single months of age between 36 and 156 months. We fit a variety of multilevel growth models to these data. We find that by 36 months of age, large net social class and Black White vocabulary knowledge gaps have already emerged. By 60 months of age, when kindergarten typically begins, the Black-White vocabulary gap approximates the level it maintains through to 13 years of age. Net social class differences are also large at 36 months. For whites, these cease widening thereafter. For Blacks, they widen until 60 months of age, and then cease widening. We view these vocabulary differences as achieved outcomes, and find that they are only very partially explained by measures of the mother's vocabulary knowledge and home cognitive support. We conclude that stratification studies as well as program interventions should focus increased effort on caregiver behaviors that stimulate oral language development from birth through age three, when class and race gaps in vocabulary knowledge emerge and take on values close to their final forms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.