Alcohol Hits You When It Is Hard: Intoxication, Task Difficulty, and Theta Brain Oscillations.
Alcohol Hits You When It Is Hard: Intoxication, Task Difficulty, and Theta Brain Oscillations.
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酒精对你的打击很大：中毒、任务困难和 Theta 大脑振荡。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.13014
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marinkovic,Ksenija
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosen,BurkeQ;Padovan,Nevena;Marinkovic,Ksenija
背景众所周知，酒精中毒会影响多种情况下的决策。先前的神经影像学证据表明，在引发冲突的任务中，支持受控处理的神经功能系统特别容易受到酒精的影响。本研究调查了中度酒精中毒对事件相关总 theta（4 至 7 Hz）功率的时空神经动力学的影响，作为任务难度的函数。方法西蒙任务的两种变体通过简单的空间刺激-反应不匹配来操纵不协调性，在更困难的版本中，通过结合空间和语义干扰来操纵不协调性。健康的社交饮酒者在平衡设计中参与了酒精（男性 0.6 克/千克乙醇，女性 0.55 克/千克）和安慰剂条件。每次试验均使用 Morlet 小波采集全头脑磁图 (MEG) 信号并计算与事件相关的总 θ 功率。使用解剖学约束、噪声归一化、光谱动态统计参数映射来估计 MEG 源。结果较长的反应时间和较低的准确度证实了操作的困难。在内侧和腹外侧前额皮质的双边任务中，反应冲突（不协调）增加，酒精中毒总体上降低了事件相关的θ功率。然而，酒精诱导的 θ 抑制仅在涉及背侧前扣带皮层（dAC）和前下外侧前额皮质的更困难任务中对冲突具有选择性。 Theta 功率与饮酒水平和去抑制呈负相关，这表明认知控制对于酒精摄入量较高的冲动个体来说更容易受到影响。 结论 两项任务的时空 Theta 分布支持内侧前额叶皮层中的头尾活动梯度的概念，该梯度受任务难度的调节，而 dAC 是网络中促进认知控制的关键节点。仅在更困难的任务下，酒精才会选择性地降低与冲突相关的 theta 功率，这表明酒精引起的冲突监测和自上而下的监管受到损害。酒精导致的执行控制力受损可能会产生一系列不利影响，包括在引发冲突或复杂情况下的能力下降。
BackgroundAlcohol intoxication is known to impair decision making in a variety of situations. Previous neuroimaging evidence suggests that the neurofunctional system subserving controlled processing is especially vulnerable to alcohol in conflict‐evoking tasks. The present study investigated the effects of moderate alcohol intoxication on the spatiotemporal neural dynamics of event‐related total theta (4 to 7 Hz) power as a function of task difficulty.MethodsTwo variants of the Simon task manipulated incongruity via simple spatial stimulus‐response mismatch and, in a more difficult version, by combining spatial and semantic interference. Healthy social drinkers participated in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg for women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Whole‐head magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals were acquired and event‐related total theta power was calculated on each trial with Morlet wavelets. MEG sources were estimated using anatomically constrained, noise‐normalized, spectral dynamic statistical parametric mapping.ResultsLonger reaction times and lower accuracy confirmed the difficulty manipulation. Response conflict (incongruity) increased and alcohol intoxication decreased event‐related theta power overall during both tasks bilaterally in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices. However, alcohol‐induced theta suppression was selective for conflict only in the more difficult task which engaged the dorsal anterior cingulate (dAC) and anterior inferolateral prefrontal cortices. Theta power correlated negatively with drinking levels and disinhibition, suggesting that cognitive control is susceptible in more impulsive individuals with higher alcohol intake.ConclusionsThe spatiotemporal theta profile across the 2 tasks supports the concept of a rostrocaudal activity gradient in the medial prefrontal cortex that is modulated by task difficulty, with the dAC as the key node in the network subserving cognitive control. Conflict‐related theta power was selectively reduced by alcohol only under the more difficult task which is indicative of the alcohol‐induced impairment of conflict monitoring and top‐down regulation. Compromised executive control under alcohol may underlie a range of adverse effects including reduced competency in conflict‐inducing or complex situations.