Israel's rapid rollout of vaccinations for COVID-19.
Israel's rapid rollout of vaccinations for COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13584-021-00440-6
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发表时间：
2021-01-26
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Israeli A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosen B;Waitzberg R;Israeli A
截至2020年底，以色列国（人口930万）接种的COVID-19疫苗剂量超过除中国、美国及英国外的所有国家。此外，以色列每100人接种了近11.0剂疫苗，其次是3.5剂（巴林）和1.4剂（联合王国）。所有其他国家每100人的接种量均低于1剂。虽然以色列推出的COVID-19疫苗接种并非没有问题，但其初始阶段显然是迅速和有效的。许多因素促成了这一早期的成功，它们可以分为三大类。第一组因素包括以色列的长期特点，这些特点与卫生保健无关。它们包括：以色列国土面积小（无论是面积还是人口），人口相对年轻，2020年12月天气相对温暖，中央集权的国家政府体系，以及发达的基础设施，可以对大规模的国家紧急情况实施迅速反应。第二组因素也是长期存在的，但它们是卫生系统特有的。它们包括：以色列社区卫生保健提供者的组织、信息技术和后勤能力，这些提供者直接雇用的训练有素、领薪的社区护士骨干队伍的可用性，政府、卫生计划、医院和紧急护理提供者之间有效合作的传统-特别是在国家紧急情况期间;以及支持疫苗接种运动的支持工具和决策框架。第三组因素包括最近的因素，这些因素与COVID-19疫苗接种工作有关。它们包括：动员政府特别资金用于疫苗采购和分配，及时签订与以色列人口相关的大量疫苗合同，使用简单、明确和易于实施的标准来确定谁在分配过程的早期阶段优先获得疫苗，创造性的技术应对措施解决了辉瑞-BioNTech COVID-19疫苗苛刻的冷藏要求，以及量身定制的推广活动，鼓励以色列人报名接种疫苗，然后去接种疫苗。虽然这些促进因素中有许多并不是以色列独有的，但使以色列推广成功的部分原因是它结合了促进因素（而不是每个因素都是独特的）和它在它们之间创造的协同作用。此外，一些高收入国家（包括美国、英国和加拿大）缺乏这些促进因素，显然是导致这些国家推出速度较慢的原因。
As of the end of 2020, the State of Israel, with a population of 9.3 million, had administered more COVID-19 vaccine doses than all countries aside from China, the US, and the UK. Moreover, Israel had administered almost 11.0 doses per 100 population, while the next highest rates were 3.5 (in Bahrain) and 1.4 (in the United Kingdom). All other countries had administered less than 1 dose per 100 population. While Israel’s rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations was not problem-free, its initial phase had clearly been rapid and effective. A large number of factors contributed to this early success, and they can be divided into three major groups. The first group of factors consists of long-standing characteristics of Israel which are extrinsic to health care. They include: Israel’s small size (in terms of both area and population), a relatively young population, relatively warm weather in December 2020, a centralized national system of government, and well-developed infrastructure for implementing prompt responses to large-scale national emergencies. The second group of factors are also long-standing, but they are health-system specific. They include: the organizational, IT and logistical capacities of Israel’s community-based health care providers, the availability of a cadre of well-trained, salaried, community-based nurses who are directly employed by those providers, a tradition of effective cooperation between government, health plans, hospitals, and emergency care providers – particularly during national emergencies; and support tools and decisionmaking frameworks to support vaccination campaigns. The third group consists of factors that are more recent and are specific to the COVID-19 vaccination effort. They include: the mobilization of special government funding for vaccine purchase and distribution, timely contracting for a large amount of vaccines relative to Israel’s population, the use of simple, clear and easily implementable criteria for determining who had priority for receiving vaccines in the early phases of the distribution process, a creative technical response that addressed the demanding cold storage requirements of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and well-tailored outreach efforts to encourage Israelis to sign up for vaccinations and then show up to get vaccinated. While many of these facilitating factors are not unique to Israel, part of what made the Israeli rollout successful was its combination of facilitating factors (as opposed to each factor being unique separately) and the synergies it created among them. Moreover, some high-income countries (including the US, the UK, and Canada) are lacking several of these facilitating factors, apparently contributing to the slower pace of the rollout in those countries.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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