Sea surface temperature estimation using the NOAA 6 satellite advanced very high resolution radiometer
Sea surface temperature estimation using the NOAA 6 satellite advanced very high resolution radiometer
复制标题
使用 NOAA 6 卫星先进的极高分辨率辐射计估算海面温度
DOI：
10.1029/jc087ic12p09455
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Bernstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Bernstein
利用NOAA 6号卫星高级甚高分辨率辐射计白天全分辨率（1.1公里视野）通过所提供的近红外和热红外数据，制定了一个估算海面温度的程序。结果表明，空间不可分辨的云和大气中水汽含量的变化是主要的误差来源。因此，该程序采用了一种方法，通过将从大气反向散射的1 μm处测量的太阳辐射与简单散射模型的预期辐射进行比较，确定几乎无云的辐射计视场。一组82无云的视野，然后组装，空间和时间几乎符合研究质量（±0.2°C）在现场船舶和浮标海面温度报告收集在1979年和1980年。然后利用这套数据建立和评价一个简单的模型，通过将现场海表温度与辐射计在3.7和11 μm处测得的红外亮温联系起来，减少可变水汽的影响。对于从赤道延伸到东北太平洋北纬50度的数据集，卫星估计的海面温度与现场测量的海面温度之间的残余差异约为0.6摄氏度。然后将该程序应用于1981年4月期间东北太平洋的10颗卫星经过，以获得月平均海表温度和温度距平（偏离气候常态）图。这些图与常规船舶报告中产生的类似图进行比较，这些图主要由发动机喷射温度数据组成，通常不超过1°C。这些地图的一致性为±0.8°C（1 sigma），一致性水平明显受到船舶报告准确性差的限制。现在看来，辐射计数据如果处理得当，可以在需要0.5-1.0°C精确度的气候变化研究等应用中，作为船舶例行报告海面温度的更准确替代品。
A procedure for estimating sea surface temperature was developed by using the near and thermal infrared data available from full resolution (1.1 km field of view) daytime passes of the NOAA 6 satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. It is demonstrated that spatially unresolved clouds and variable amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere are the major error sources. The procedure therefore incorporates a means of identifying radiometer fields of view which are virtually cloud-free, by comparing measured solar radiation at 1 μm, backscattered from the atmosphere, against that expected from a simple scattering model. A set of 82 cloud-free fields of view is then assembled, spatially and temporally nearly coincident with research quality (±0.2°C) in situ ship and buoy sea surface temperature reports collected during 1979 and 1980. The set is then used to develop and evaluate a simple model to reduce variable water vapor effects by relating in situ sea surface temperature to the infrared brightness temperatures measured by the radiometer at 3.7 and 11 μm. Residual disagreement between satellite estimates and in situ measurements of sea surface temperature is about 0.6°C for the data set which extends from the equator to 50°N in the northeast Pacific. The procedure is then applied to 10 satellite passes in the northeast Pacific during April 1981 to obtain monthly mean sea surface temperature and temperature anomaly (departure from climatological norm) maps. These maps are compared against similar ones produced from routine ship reports, mostly consisting of engine injection temperature data, typically good to no better than 1°C. The maps agree to ±0.8°C (1 sigma), with the level of agreement clearly limited by the poor accuracy of the ship reports. It now appears that the radiometer data, when properly handled, can be used as a more accurate substitute for routine ship reports of sea surface temperature in applications such as climate variability studies requiring 0.5–1.0°C accuracy.