Mechanisms underlying the lifetime co-occurrence of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescent and young adult twins
Mechanisms underlying the lifetime co-occurrence of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescent and young adult twins
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.016
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Eaves, Lindon J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrawal, Arpana;Silberg, Judy L.;Eaves, Lindon J.
使用双胞胎在青春期（弗吉尼亚州青少年行为发展双胞胎研究：8-17岁）和成年早期（年轻人随访，18-27岁）进行评估，我们测试了13个遗传信息的共现模型，适用于纳入协变量。在Mx中，模型与两次评估的数据相拟合，从而可以比较青少年和成年早期大麻和烟草使用终生共存的机制。大麻和烟草的使用都受到加性遗传（38-81%）和非共享环境因素的影响，非共享环境仅在青少年评估中可能发挥作用。因果关系模型，即使用大麻的责任对使用烟草的责任产生因果影响，最适合青少年数据，而反向因果关系模型（烟草导致大麻）最适合早期成人数据。因果关系模型（大麻与烟草和烟草与大麻）和相关责任模型都很好地拟合了青少年和年轻人评估的数据。遗传相关系数为0.59-0.74。因此，大麻和烟草使用之间的关系在青少年和成年早期相当相似，对两种精神活性物质产生相互影响。然而，我们的研究不能排除存在“网关”和“反向网关”的可能性，特别是在遗传背景下，这样使用一种物质（大麻或烟草）的倾向会改变使用另一种物质的倾向。鉴于尼古丁的高成瘾性和大麻使用的普遍性，这是一个值得高度关注的公共卫生问题。(C)2009爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Using twins assessed during adolescence (Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development: 8-17 years) and followed up in early adulthood (Young Adult Follow-Up, 18-27 years), we tested 13 genetically informative models of co-occurrence, adapted for the inclusion of covariates. Models were fit, in Mx, to data at both assessments allowing for a comparison of the mechanisms that underlie the lifetime co-occurrence of cannabis and tobacco use in adolescence and early adulthood. Both cannabis and tobacco use were influenced by additive genetic (38-81%) and non-shared environmental factors with the possible role of non-shared environment in the adolescent assessment only. Causation models, where liability to use cannabis exerted a causal influence on the liability to use tobacco fit the adolescent data best, while the reverse causation model (tobacco causes cannabis) fit the early adult data best. Both causation models (cannabis to tobacco and tobacco to cannabis) and the correlated liabilities model fit data from the adolescent and young adult assessments well. Genetic correlations (0.59-0.74) were moderate. Therefore, the relationship between cannabis and tobacco use is fairly similar during adolescence and early adulthood with reciprocal influences across the two psychoactive substances. However, our study could not exclude the possibility that 'gateways' and 'reverse gateways', particularly within a genetic context, exist, such that predisposition to using one substance (cannabis or tobacco) modifies predisposition to using the other. Given the high addictive potential of nicotine and the ubiquitous nature of cannabis use, this is a public health concern worthy of considerable attention. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.