MIGRATION OF A MOONLET IN A RING OF SOLID PARTICLES: THEORY AND APPLICATION TO SATURN'S PROPELLERS

MIGRATION OF A MOONLET IN A RING OF SOLID PARTICLES: THEORY AND APPLICATION TO SATURN'S PROPELLERS
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固体粒子环中小卫星的迁移:理论及其在土星螺旋桨中的应用

DOI:
10.1088/0004-6256/140/4/944
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
The Astronomical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Crida A
Crida A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crida A

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在土星A环中,卡西尼号航天器已经通过它们在环中创建的所谓螺旋桨特征识别出了百米大小的物体。这些小卫星应该迁移,因为它们与环的引力相互作用;事实上,已经检测到一些轨道变化。原行星盘中行星I型迁移的标准理论不能应用于环系统,因为它是无压的。因此,我们计算的微分扭矩认为嵌入在一个二维磁盘的固体颗粒的小卫星,具有平坦的表面密度分布,分析和数值。我们发现相应的迁移率太小,无法解释土星A环中螺旋桨轨道的观测变化。然而,局部密度波动(由于重力尾迹在引力稳定的边缘A环)可能会对小卫星施加随机扭矩。我们的模拟表明,这个扭矩可以足够大,以解释观测结果取决于环的参数。我们发现,在几年的时间尺度上的螺旋桨的迁移很可能是由随机效应(而前者,非随机迁移后占主导地位的104 - 105年)。在这种情况下,迄今为止的观测所提供的迁移率表明,A环的表面密度应该在700 kg m− 2左右。螺旋桨的年龄不应超过1- 1亿年,这取决于主要的迁移制度。
Hundred-meter-sized objects have been identified by the Cassini spacecraft in Saturn's A ring through the so-called propeller features they create in the ring. These moonlets should migrate due to their gravitational interaction with the ring; in fact, some orbital variations have been detected. The standard theory of type I migration of planets in protoplanetary disks cannot be applied to the ring system as it is pressureless. Thus, we compute the differential torque felt by a moonlet embedded in a two-dimensional disk of solid particles, with a flat surface density profile, both analytically and numerically. We find that the corresponding migration rate is too small to explain the observed variations of the propeller's orbit in Saturn's A ring. However, local density fluctuations (due to gravity wakes in the marginally gravitationally stable A ring) may exert a stochastic torque on a moonlet. Our simulations show that this torque can be large enough to account for the observations depending on the parameters of the rings. We find that on timescales of several years the migration of propellers is likely to be dominated by stochastic effects (while the former, non-stochastic migration dominates after∼ 10 4–10 5 years). In that case, the migration rates provided by observations so far suggest that the surface density of the A ring should be on the order of 700 kg m− 2. The age of the propellers should not exceed 1–100 million years depending on the dominant migration regime.
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