Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding
Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00658.x
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Brooks, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karmaus, W;Davis, S;Brooks, K
两项研究表明，二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）可以缩短母乳喂养的时间。除了持续时间外，我们还研究了DDE是否会降低母乳喂养的起始时间。1973年至1991年期间，密歇根州社区卫生部进行了三次调查，以评估密歇根州垂钓者的多氯联苯（PCBs）和DDE血清浓度。通过与父母的电话访谈，我们回顾性地确定了母乳喂养的信息。根据1973年至1991年间母亲血清的反复测量，我们通过推断多氯联苯和二苯二苯醚的血清水平，得出了分娩时的暴露水平。一个母亲可能生了不止一个孩子；然而，同一母亲所生儿童的血清浓度不同。母体DDE和PCB血清浓度分为：0 ~ < 5 μ g/L, 5 ~ < 10 μ g/L, >= 10 μ g/L。使用重复测量模型和生存分析来确定DDE和多氯联苯与母乳喂养特征之间的关系，同时控制队列效应、产妇分娩年龄、教育程度和怀孕期间吸烟。我们集中研究了91位母亲的176次怀孕，她们在1969年至1995年间有母体暴露信息并分娩。在怀孕期间吸烟的母亲的孩子中，母乳喂养的开始率降低了39.5%，持续时间缩短了66.4%。在非吸烟母亲的孩子中，当母亲DDE浓度为5 ~ < 10 μ g/L和>= 10 μ g/L时，与DDE最低暴露组相比，开始母乳喂养的发生率分别为0.45 [95% CI 0.15, 0.94]和0.42 [95% CI 0.10, 1.03]。在这些（不吸烟母亲的）后代中，当DDE浓度较高时，母乳喂养时间较短：>= 10 μ g/L DDE为13周，而DDE较低的为21.7周。我们没有发现多氯联苯和母乳喂养之间的任何联系。在没有母亲吸烟的扭曲效应的情况下，接触DDE可能会减少母乳喂养的开始和持续时间。
Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) has been shown to reduce the duration of breast feeding in two studies. In addition to duration, we examined whether DDE lowers the initiation of breast feeding. Between 1973 and 1991, the Michigan Department of Community Health conducted three surveys to assess polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDE serum concentrations in Michigan anglers. Through telephone interviews with parents, we retrospectively ascertained information on breast feeding. Based on repeated maternal serum measurements between 1973 and 1991, we arrived at the level of exposure at the time of delivery by extrapolating PCB and DDE serum levels. One mother may have contributed more than one child; however, serum concentrations varied between children from the same mother. The maternal DDE and PCB serum concentrations were categorised as follows: 0 to < 5 mu g/L, 5 to < 10 mu g/L, >= 10 mu g/L. Repeated measurement models and survival analyses were used to determine the relationship between DDE and PCBs and characteristics of breast feeding while controlling for cohort effects, maternal age at delivery, education, and smoking during pregnancy. We focused on 176 pregnancies of 91 mothers who had maternal exposure information and gave birth between 1969 and 1995.Initiation of breast feeding was lowered by 39.5% and duration shortened by 66.4% in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. In children of non-smoking mothers, the incidence ratio for breast-feeding initiation was 0.45 [95% CI 0.15, 0.94] and 0.42 [95% CI 0.10, 1.03] when maternal DDE concentrations were 5 to < 10 mu g/L and >= 10 mu g/L respectively, compared with the lowest DDE exposure group. In these offspring (of non-smoking mothers), breast-feeding duration was shorter when DDE concentrations were higher: 13 weeks for >= 10 mu g/L DDE, compared with 21.7 weeks for lower DDE. We did not detect any association between PCBs and breast feeding. In the absence of the distorting effects of maternal smoking, DDE exposure may decrease initiation and duration of breast feeding.